Table 1.
Participant Characteristics According to Intake of Vitamin B6 (mg) at Baseline, the Singapore Chinese Health Study, 1993–2013
| Characteristics | Men
|
Women
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 intake a
|
Choline intake a
|
Vitamin B6 intake a
|
Choline intake a
|
|||||
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |
| N | 8244 | 6953 | 8512 | 6680 | 6956 | 8130 | 15001 | 15012 |
| Mean age, y | 56.8 | 56.2 | 56.6 | 55.9 | 57.7 | 54.8 | 57.7 | 54.6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), % | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| 18.5–21.4 | 24.7 | 21.8 | 23.2 | 23.1 | 22.2 | 22.0 | 22.1 | 22.3 |
| 21.5–24.4 | 45.0 | 42.8 | 45.4 | 41.8 | 47.8 | 44.3 | 48.2 | 43.2 |
| 24.5–27.4 | 16.0 | 20.7 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 15.0 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 18.5 |
| ≥27.5 | 6.6 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 10.2 |
| Education, % | ||||||||
| No formal education | 12.7 | 8.1 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 48.8 | 30.0 | 48.1 | 31.1 |
| Primary school | 55.0 | 46.5 | 53.4 | 48.7 | 38.2 | 40.0 | 38.0 | 40.2 |
| Secondary school | 32.3 | 45.4 | 35.2 | 42.2 | 13.0 | 30.1 | 13.9 | 28.7 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||||
| Never smokers | 39.2 | 44.7 | 44.6 | 37.5 | 88.2 | 93.9 | 90.3 | 91.6 |
| Former smokers | 21.1 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 20.2 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
| Current smokers | 39.7 | 33.1 | 33.1 | 42.3 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 6.1 |
| Alcohol drinking, % | ||||||||
| Nondrinkers | 74.5 | 61.0 | 74.6 | 57.9 | 90.6 | 90.1 | 92.1 | 88.4 |
| < 7 drinks/week | 20.5 | 23.1 | 21.1 | 24.2 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 10.1 |
| ≥ 7 drinks/week | 5.0 | 15.9 | 4.4 | 17.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| Weekly vitamin / minerals use (% Yes) | 3.9 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 5.6 | 9.5 |
| Weekly physical activity (% Yes) | 42.1 | 46.9 | 44.6 | 41.7 | 21.3 | 30.1 | 22.6 | 27.5 |
| Diabetes (% Yes) | 6.9 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 10.1 |
| Mean calorie intake, kcal/day | 1879.8 | 1809.2 | 1878.6 | 1827.3 | 1540.1 | 1486.2 | 1415.8 | 1645.8 |
| Mean nutrient intakeb | ||||||||
| Betaine, mg/day | 63.4 | 81.4 | 62.8 | 79.3 | 71.1 | 76.6 | 69.5 | 74.9 |
| Choline, mg/day | 188.7 | 259.8 | 160.4 | 306.0 | 199.7 | 260.8 | 174.3 | 292.4 |
| Folate, μg/day | 119.2 | 185.3 | 127.8 | 169.2 | 129.6 | 194.2 | 138.0 | 178.8 |
| Methionine, mg/day | 1171.2 | 1400.6 | 1098.0 | 1540.6 | 1208.5 | 1471.7 | 1129.8 | 1597.5 |
| Vitamin B2, mg/day | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Vitamin B6, mg/day | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Vitamin B12, μg/day | 1.8 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
Abbreviations: Q1: 1st quartile; Q4, 4th quartile.
a
Nutrient intake was adjusted for daily total calorie intake by residual method. Quartiles of vitamin B6 and choline were based on the distribution among the entire cohort.
b
Nutrient intake was adjusted for daily total calorie intake by residual method.