Table 4.
Summaries of the selected cytokine concentration measured using Multiplex assays in normal subjects.
| n / age (years) ELISA and tear volume | IL-1β | IL-1Ra | IL-6 | IL-10 | IL-12 | TNF-α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study# | 10 (6 visits) / 26 Bio-Rad, basal tears (6 μl) | 31±14 | 19264±11421 | 141±66 | 50±27 | 190±99 | 327±217 |
| Kalsow, 2013 * # | 26 (BL) / 26 Bio-Rad, basal tear (5.5μl) | 8 | 18000 | 85 | 78 | 170 | 400 |
| Wilcox 2015 # | 44 $ / 26 Bio-Rad, basal tear (3 μl) | 22 | 2697 | 54 | NA | 134 | 74 |
| Malvitte, 2007 | 12 / 69 Bio-Rad, basal tear (2 μl) | 80 | NA | 1000 | 95 | 90 | 71 |
| Liu, 2010 | 15 / 59 Bio-Rad, basal tear (10 μl) | 20 | 3989 | 65 | 32 | 143 | NA |
| Lam, 2009 | 14 / 45 Milliplex, basal tear (1 μl) | 3 | NA | 27 | 1 | 118 | 127 |
| Enriquez-de-Salamanca, 2010 * | 9 / 58 Milliplex, basal tear (1 μl) | NA | 6500 | 200 | ^ | NA | NA |
| Carreno, 2010 | 9 / 33 Milliplex, basal tear (4 μl) | 101 | 3883 | 130 | 37 | 47 | 48 |
| Benito 2014 * + | 24 / 22 Milliplex, basal tear (4 μl) | 24 | 12000 | 30 | 10 | NA | NA |
| Leonardi,2006 * | 14 / 31 Milliplex, basal tear (50–100 μl) | 10 | NA | 8 | 2 | 10 | 10 |
| Massingale, 2009 | 14 / 50 Invitrogen, basal tear (10 μl) | 436 | NA | 632 | 256 | NA | 250 |
| Huang, 2012 | 22 / 28 Luminex, basal tear (10 μl) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Chong, 2010 | 29 / 67 Bio-Rad, NA, from strip | ||||||
| VanDerMeid, 2011* | 5/ 40 Luminex, NA, from strip | 0 | |||||
| Yamahuchi, 2014* | 14 / 39 Luminex, Flush tear (20 μl) | 11 | 83 | 667 | 17 | NA | NA |
All data presented in mean in pg/ml.
*
extrapolation from the published figure;
+
average of 3 evening visit;
#
contact lens wear;
BL: baseline visit only;
^
out of range.
$
10 days pooled tear.
Bold and italic: values that comparable with our results.