Men
|
Median of vitamin intake |
51.1 |
78.4 |
107.7 |
148.8 |
231.3 |
<0.001 |
5.9 |
7.3 |
8.5 |
9.8 |
12.2 |
<0.001 |
No. of subjects |
2528 |
2528 |
2530 |
2527 |
2529 |
– |
2531 |
2527 |
2533 |
2524 |
2527 |
– |
No. of all-cause deaths |
422 |
339 |
247 |
267 |
315 |
<0.001 |
288 |
290 |
299 |
324 |
389 |
<0.001 |
No. of CVD deaths |
206 |
157 |
93 |
99 |
129 |
<0.001 |
108 |
109 |
118 |
145 |
204 |
<0.001 |
No. of cancer deaths |
112 |
103 |
88 |
101 |
123 |
ns |
112 |
109 |
106 |
97 |
103 |
ns |
Age, mean (SD) |
58.4 (7.1) |
58.1 (6.9) |
58.0 (7.0) |
58.2 (7.1) |
58.6 (7.1) |
<0.05 |
57.8 (7.0) |
58.0 (7.0) |
58.2 (7.1) |
58.3 (7.1) |
59.0 (7.0) |
<0.001 |
Education (%) |
Lower |
41.6 |
39.9 |
38.6 |
38.9 |
28.3 |
<0.001 |
41.1 |
40.6 |
37.3 |
38.7 |
39.7 |
<0.05 |
Secondary |
36.3 |
32.7. |
33.1 |
32.0 |
32.6 |
|
32.8 |
34.1 |
34.7 |
33.3 |
31.8 |
|
University |
22.1 |
274 |
28.3 |
29.1 |
29.1 |
|
26.2 |
25.3 |
28.0 |
28.0 |
28.5 |
|
Current smokers (%) |
51.5 |
41.0 |
34.3 |
29.1 |
26.8 |
<0.001 |
38.7 |
34.8 |
35.1 |
37.4 |
36.6 |
<0.05 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) |
26.5 (4.4) |
27.4 (4.3) |
27.8 (4.0) |
28.0 (4.0) |
28.4 (4.1) |
<0.001 |
27.7 (3.9) |
27.8 (4.1) |
27.7 (4.3) |
27.4 (4.3) |
27.4 (4.5) |
<0.01 |
Alcohol (g/day), median (q1–q3) |
6.6 (1.0–21.9) |
5.0 (0.7–17.2) |
4.5 (0.7–14.9) |
4.4 (0.7–14.9) |
3.8 (0.7–14.9) |
<0.001 |
5.0 (0.6–20.9) |
5.0 (0.9–17.1) |
5.0 (0.7–15.7) |
5.0 (0.8–15,8) |
4.8 (0.7–15.4) |
ns |
Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SD) |
2436.7 (835.3) |
2386.3 (774.2) |
2348.3 (751.4) |
2305.8 (709.4) |
2333.0 (713.8) |
<0.001 |
2392.2 (930.3) |
2378.8 (788.0) |
2345.7 (721.9) |
2372.8 (687.7) |
2320.0 (632.8) |
<0.01 |
Use of supplements with vitamin C (%) |
5.8 |
7.9 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
15.9 |
<0.001 |
13.0 |
12.6 |
13.5 |
12.9 |
11.9 |
ns |
Hypertension (%) |
62.7 |
65.9 |
66.7 |
68.6 |
71.6 |
<0.001 |
66.3 |
66.0 |
66.5 |
66.4 |
69.7 |
<0.05 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l), mean (SD) |
5.9 (1.2) |
5.9 (1.2) |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.7 (1.1) |
5.7 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.8 (1.2) |
ns |
Diabetes (%) |
6.4 |
8.6 |
10.3 |
12.5 |
14.4 |
<0.001 |
9.3 |
10.2 |
9.9 |
10.6 |
12.1 |
<0.05 |
History of CVD (%) |
14.5 |
13.4 |
12.0 |
11.1 |
13.3 |
<0.01 |
10.9 |
11.4 |
12.9 |
12.9 |
16.3 |
<0.001 |
History of cancer (%) |
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
<0.01 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
ns |
Women
|
Median of vitamin intake |
59.3 |
94.7 |
133.8 |
189.6 |
308.2 |
<0.001 |
6.6 |
8.3 |
9.6 |
11.2 |
14.1 |
<0.001 |
No. of subjects |
2871 |
2870 |
2869 |
2870 |
2871 |
– |
2868 |
2873 |
2869 |
2867 |
2874 |
– |
No. of all-cause deaths |
187 |
145 |
162 |
144 |
143 |
<0.05 |
196 |
154 |
126 |
140 |
165 |
<0.001 |
No. of CVD deaths |
94 |
56 |
60 |
52 |
51 |
<0.001 |
68 |
57 |
60 |
56 |
72 |
ns |
No. of cancer deaths |
59 |
55 |
62 |
59 |
68 |
ns |
74 |
60 |
50 |
57 |
62 |
ns |
Age, mean (SD) |
58.7 (7.3) |
57.8 (7.1) |
57.4 (7.0) |
57.4 (7.0) |
57.5 (6.9) |
<0.001 |
57.7 (7.2) |
57.5 (7.0) |
57.7 (7.0) |
57.7 (7.0) |
58.3 (7.2) |
<0.001 |
Education (%) |
Lower |
44.0 |
39.6 |
37.8 |
35.4 |
37.0 |
<0.001 |
35.7 |
37.4 |
37.7 |
39.1 |
43.9 |
<0.001 |
Secondary |
37.3 |
38.2 |
40.0 |
40.9 |
41.3 |
|
41.6 |
40.5 |
40.9 |
39.7 |
35.0 |
|
University |
18.7 |
22.3 |
22.2 |
23.7 |
21.6 |
|
22.7 |
22.1 |
21.4 |
21.2 |
21.1 |
|
Current smokers (%) |
16.3 |
18.9 |
20.1 |
19.0 |
18.7 |
<0.01 |
24.9 |
21.0 |
18.6 |
16.3 |
12.2 |
<0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) |
29.5 (5.8) |
29.2 (5.5) |
29.0 (5.2) |
28.6 (5.2) |
28.6 (5.2) |
<0.001 |
28.1 (5.1) |
28.6 (5.2) |
28.9 (5.4) |
29.2 (5.4) |
30.0 (5.7) |
<0.001 |
Alcohol (g/day), median (q1–q3) |
0.3 (0.0–1.1) |
0.3 (0.0–1.3) |
0.3 (0.0–1.7) |
0.4 (0.0–2.3) |
0.4 (0.0–2.3) |
<0.001 |
0.2 (0.0–1.3) |
0.3 (0.0–1.6) |
0.4 (0.0–2.1) |
0.6 (0.1–2.0) |
0.7 (0.1–1.7) |
<0.001 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SD) |
2070.8 (715.0) |
2099.7 (680.1) |
2092.5 (664.9) |
2118.6 (636.8) |
2187.2 (670.8) |
<0.001 |
2004.2 (798.2) |
2110.7 (686.9) |
2129.4 (658.7) |
2152.0 (621.0) |
2172.4 (577.8) |
<0.001 |
Use of supplements with vitamin C (%) |
11.5 |
15.0 |
18.6 |
20.7 |
23.4 |
<0.001 |
22.7 |
21.6 |
24.6 |
24.3 |
21.9 |
<0.05 |
Hypertension (%) |
64.3 |
63.1 |
59.2 |
58.0 |
58.9 |
<0.001 |
55.8 |
58.0 |
60.7 |
62.4 |
66.5 |
<0.001 |
Total cholesterol, (mmol/l), mean (SD) |
6.4 (1.3) |
6.2 (1.2) |
6.1 (1.2) |
6.0 (1.2) |
6.0 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
6.0 (1.1) |
6.1 (1.2) |
6.1 (1.2) |
6.2 (1.3) |
6.3 (1.3) |
<0.001 |
Diabetes (%) |
7.1 |
8.9 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
9.3 |
<0.05 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
8.9 |
8.2 |
9.5 |
ns |
History of CVD (%) |
8.6 |
6.6 |
6.5 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
<0.001 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
6.3 |
7.6 |
ns |
History of cancer (%) |
4.6 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
<0.001 |
6.5 |
5.3 |
6.8 |
5.8 |
6.0 |
ns |