Table 5.
Age and multivariable-adjusted HR (95 % CI) of cancer mortality in men and women according to quintiles of vitamin intakes
| Quintiles of vitamin intake | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (high) | |
| Men | |||||
| Vitamin C | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.85 (0.65–1.13) | 0.68 (0.51–0.92) | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) | 0.88 (0.66–1.16) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) | 1.10 (0.82–1.46) |
| Vitamin E | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 0.92 (0.71–1.21) | 0.86 (0.65–1.14) | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.88 (0.67–1.17) | 0.91 (0.69–1.22) |
| Beta-carotene | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) | 0.90 (0.69–1.18) | 0.77 (0.58–1.01) | 0.84 (0.63–1.11) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.78 (0.60–1.03) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.80 (0.60–1.06) | 0.88 (0.66–1.16) |
| Women | |||||
| Vitamin Cc | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.88 (0.62–1.25) | 0.94 (0.52–1.72) | 0.93 (0.51–1.71) | 1.03 (0.58–1.84) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.93 (0.65–1.32) | 0.98 (0.59–1.65) | 1.03 (0.55–1.94) | 1.07 (0.59–1.93) |
| Vitamin E | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.85 (0.60–1.19) | 0.73 (0.51–1.06) | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 1.01 (0.69–1.47) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.91 (0.64–1.28) | 0.73 (0.51–1.06) | 0.89 (0.61–1.28) | 1.00 (0.69–1.47) |
| Beta-carotene | |||||
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) | 0.81 (0.57–1.16) | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) |
aAdjusted to: age, country
bAdjusted to: age, country, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, history of CVD or cancer, total energy intake
cSignificant heterogeneity between cohorts was found, see also Supplementary Table III for country-specific results