Table 1. The characteristics of the subjects with normal glucose, prediabetes, and diabetes defined by HbA1c levels.
| Parameter | Normal glucose (A1c <5.7%) | Prediabetes (5.7%≤A1c<6.5%) | Diabetes (A1c ≥6.5%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1109 | 339 | 111 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 648 (58.4) | 210 (61.9) | 79 (71.2) | |
| Age, yr | 50.1±8.9a | 54.8±7.7b | 57.5±7.6c | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 83.3±8.8a | 87.7±9.4b | 89.3±7.6b | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5±2.9a | 24.9±3.4b | 25.2±2.9b | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 115.9±13.2a | 119.7±12.7b | 121.6±13.4b | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 76.6±10.3a | 78.9±9.4b | 78.9±8.9b | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.2±0.2a | 5.9±0.2b | 7.7±1.4c | <0.001 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 90.8±9.4a | 102.8±15.0b | 150.8±46.8c | <0.001 |
| Insulin, µU/mL | 4.43±2.55a | 5.64±3.79b | 6.40±4.87c | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.01±0.63a | 1.45±1.03b | 2.31±1.82c | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 214.0±35.7a | 218.5±40.8b | 199.4±44.6b | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 131.3±32.7a | 135.2±38.2b | 121.4±38.5b | 0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL (median) | 120.5±84.9 (99.0)a | 150.9±104.7 (129.0)b | 157.4±98.0 (136.0)b | <0.001d |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 55.1±13.4a | 53.6±13.8b | 48.2±12.0b | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 27.6±9.9a | 30.5±12.7b | 32.0±15.0b | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 24.7±14.3a | 29.9±18.4b | 34.5±20.9c | <0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L (median) | 43.6±51.1 (27.0)a | 50.8±57.8 (32.0)b | 51.2±46.5 (34.0)b | <0.001d |
| BUN, mg/dL | 13.5±3.4a | 14.4±3.5b | 14.6±3.5b | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.85±0.16 | 0.86±0.16 | 0.86±0.16 | 0.641 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.7±1.5a | 5.9±1.5b | 5.3±1.5b | 0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL (median) | 0.13±0.30 (0.06)a | 0.16±0.28 (0.08)b | 0.20±0.30 (0.10)c | <0.001d |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.88±0.13a | 0.91±0.14b | 0.91±0.17b | 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless other indicated. P values were calculated using one-way analysis of variance analysis followed by post hoc testing with the S-N-K test unless otherwise indicated.
HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood sugar; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
a,b,cThe same letters indicate insignificant differences between groups, dKruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparison test.