Table 6. Comparison of various clinical factors between GDF-15 responders and non-responders.
| Factor | Responders (n=26) | Non-responders (n=24) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male:female | 16:10 | 13:11 | 0.405 |
| Age, yr | 54.7±12.0 | 56.5±12.9 | 0.604 |
| Smokers, n | 5 | 5 | 0.582 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 131.2±12.4 | 129.0±11.9 | 0.542 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 76.7±9.4 | 73.2±10.4 | 0.217 |
| Pulse rate, beat/min | 81.3±10.2 | 79.9±11.8 | 0.658 |
| HTN medication, n | 12 | 4 | 0.026 |
| Atorvastatin (10 mg/40 mg), n | 12/14 | 11/13 | 0.603 |
| Diagnosis, yr | 4.9±5.3 | 5.3±6.9 | 0.818 |
| Height, cm | 164.0±10.2 | 160.1±9.2 | 0.162 |
| Weight, kg | 71.0±17.7 | 64.6±11.6 | 0.130 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1±4.8 | 25.0±2.8 | 0.318 |
| CPK (difference), U/L | 33.2±143.5 | -18.5±36.4 | 0.143 |
| AST (difference), IU/L | 2.1±6.4 | -0.5±9.6 | 0.261 |
| ALT (difference), IU/L | 3.1±11.8 | -2.1±18.0 | 0.239 |
| Insulin (difference), µIU/mL | -10.6±42.4 | 0.5±6.2 | 0.210 |
| C-peptide (difference), pmol/mL | -0.4±0.9 | 0.0±0.4 | 0.061 |
| HbA1c (difference), % | -0.3±1.0 | -0.1±1.3 | 0.592 |
| Glucose (difference), mg/dL | -21.7±68.9 | -7.9±83.8 | 0.528 |
| TC (difference), mg/dL | -91.7±25.1 | -69.3±26.7 | 0.745 |
| LDL-C (difference), mg/dL | -65.8±25.0 | -62.7±23.5 | 0.654 |
| HDL-C (difference), mg/dL | 1.2±8.4 | -1.9±6.8 | 0.169 |
| TG (difference), mg/dL | -52.7±106.0 | -49.8±80.8 | 0.912 |
| GDF-15 (difference), pg/mL | -219.9±319.3 | 307.6±392.5 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (difference) | -1.8±8.0 | -0.7±3.9 | 0.556 |
| hsCRP (difference), mg/dL | -1.6±3.3 | -1.0±1.0 | 0.356 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. Responders: GDF-15 decreased after treatment. Non-responders: GDF-15 not decreased after treatment.
GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; BMI, body mass index; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
aP value determined using the Mann-Whitney U test.