Figure 1. Changes in virulence-associated phenotypes of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 under exposure to ß-lactam antibiotic and mutation of hcp gene.

(a) Growth of the hcp-mutant and the wild type in the presence and absence of Amp; (b) Biofilm formation under exposure to ß-lactam antibiotic; (c) Motility under exposure to ß-lactam antibiotic; (d) Biofilm formation of the hcp-mutant; (e) Motility of the hcp-mutant. The same letters indicate there are no significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatments. Each treatment had eighteen replicates and this experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results.