Figure 2. Pathogenicity of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 to rice seedlings.

(a) Exposure to Amp; (b) Mutation of hcp gene. Briefly, rice seeds were immersed into bacterial suspension of approximately 10⁸ CFU/ml for 2 h at room temperature, then sown in commercial pots filled with perlites in greenhouse at 30 °C in the daytime and 24°C in the night. Bacterial virulence was determined by measuring the germination rate of rice seeds after 10 d of sowing. Control seeds were treated by ddH₂O. Each pot contains 10 seeds. rfp (−): strain RS-1 without rfp; rfp (+): strain RS-1 harbored a constitutively expressed rfp reporter fusion gene. The same letters indicate no significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments. Each treatment contains three pots, while this experiment was repeated independently three times with similar results.