Table 1.
Clinico-demographic characteristics of the study population n (%)
| H. pylori (+)n = 1636 | H. pylori (-)n = 2027 | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 54 (46-61) | 53.0 (43-60) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 988 (60.4) | 1153 (56.9) | 0.032 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 (21.8-25.7) | 23.5 (21.4-25.5) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 215 (13.1) | 225 (11.1) | 0.059 |
| Hypertension | 453 (27.7) | 483 (23.8) | 0.008 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 334 (20.4) | 385 (19.0) | 0.281 |
| Smoking | 699 (42.7) | 894 (44.1) | 0.403 |
| Alcohol | 893 (54.6) | 1135 (56.0) | 0.394 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93 (86-103) | 93 (86-102) | 0.611 |
| Insulin (mIU/mL) | 5.9 (3.9-8.7) | 5.8 (3.9-8.5) | 0.732 |
| HOMA-IR1 | 1.4 (0.9-2.2) | 1.3 (0.9-2.1) | 0.582 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.5 (5.2-5.7) | 5.5 (5.2-5.8) | 0.763 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201 (180-225) | 195 (173-220) | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 89 (58-137) | 86 (57-131) | 0.202 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50 (43-59) | 51 (43-60) | 0.020 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 126 (104.0-147.8) | 120 (98-141) | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 24 (20-30) | 24 (20-29) | 0.596 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 24 (18-34) | 24 (18-34) | 0.249 |
| AST/ALT | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.198 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 27 (18-43) | 25 (17-43) | 0.043 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.06 (0.03-0.13) | 0.06 (0.03-0.13) | 0.905 |
| HSI2 | 33.2 (30.3-36.2) | 32.6 (29.8-36.0) | 0.005 |
| HSI > 36 | 505 (30.9) | 440 (21.7) | 0.173 |
| NAFLD-LFS3 | -1.7 (-2.4 - -0.7) | -1.8 (-2.4 - -0.7) | 0.122 |
| NAFLD > -0.640 | 469 (28.7) | 385 (19.0) | 0.778 |
1HOMA-IR = (fasting glucose × fasting insulin)/405;
2
HSI = 8 × ALT/AST + body mass index (if diabetes mellitus, +2; if female, +2); 3NAFLD-LFS = -2.89 + 1.18 × metabolic syndrome (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.45 × type 2 diabetes (yes = 2, no = 0) + 0.15 × insulin (mU/L) + 0.04 × AST (U/L) - 0.94 × AST/ALT. HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD-LFS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat score.