Table 4.
Characteristics of Studies Investigating Helicobacter pylori and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
| Ref. | Type of study | Country | No. of subjects (male) | H. pylori detection | H. pylori % (female/male) | NAFLD diagnosis | NAFLD % (female/male) | Association with H. pylori |
| Jamali et al[19], 2013 | RCT1 | Iran | 100 (49) | 13C UBT | 100% (N/A) | Ultrasonography and elevated liver enzyme levels | 100% | No association with H. pylori eradication |
| Polyzos et al[20], 2013 | Cross-sectional | Greece | 533 | Serum IgG, history of H. pylori eradication | 75.5% (N/A) | Liver biopsy | 52.8% (39.6/13.2) | Higher IgG seropositivity in NAFLD group |
| Okushin et al[21], 2015 | Cross-sectional | Japan | 5289 (1816) | Serum IgG | 27.4% (27.5/27.1) | Ultrasonography | 34.1% (25.4/50.7) | None |
| Sumida et al[22], 2015 | Cross-sectional | Japan | 130 (65) | Serum IgG | 40% (44.6/35.4) | Liver biopsy | 100% | Associated with hepatocyte ballooning |
| Polyzos et al[36], 2014 | Prospective2 | Greece | 12 (3) | 13C UBT | 50% (N/A) | NAFLD-LFS HSENSI MRI-HFF | 100% | Significant in HSENSI only |
1
Data compared between H. pylori eradication and lifestyle modification group vs lifestyle modification only group;
2
Data collected at baseline and 12 months after H. pylori eradication;
3
28 (7 males) NAFLD cases vs 25 (5 males) controls. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; UBT: Urea breath test; N/A: Not available; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; NAFLD-FS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat score; HSENSI: Homocysteine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis index; MRI-HFF: Magnetic resonance imaging hepatic fat fraction.