Table 1.
Characteristics of patients discharged after an acute coronary syndrome hospitalization by 30 day-readmission status: TRACE-CORE, 2011–2013
| Characteristic | Readmission | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (N = 698) | Yes (N = 106) | ||
| Block 1 – CMS Factors | |||
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 72.4 ± 5.9 | 74.0 ± 6.5 | 0.024 |
| Male | 425 (60.9%) | 70 (66.0%) | 0.31 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 209 (29.9%) | 50 (47.2%) | 0.0006 |
| Coronary artery bypass | 167 (23.9%) | 27 (25.5%) | 0.73 |
| Coronary artery disease or acute myocardial infarction | 390 (55.9%) | 74 (69.8%) | 0.006 |
| Heart failure | 116 (16.6%) | 23 (21.7%) | 0.21 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 96 (13.8%) | 17 (16.0%) | 0.53 |
| Valvular heart disease | 33 (4.7%) | 7 (6.6%) | 0.43 |
| TIA/Stroke | 79 (11.3%) | 21 (19.8%) | 0.020 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 76 (10.9%) | 17 (16.0%) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 237 (34.0%) | 37 (34.9%) | 0.85 |
| Chronic kidney Disease | 100 (14.3%) | 30 (28.3%) | 0.0006 |
| Dialysis | 10 (1.4%) | 4 (3.8%) | 0.13 |
| Chronic lung disease | 147 (21.1%) | 25 (23.6%) | 0.56 |
| Anemia | 49 (7.0%) | 12 (11.3%) | 0.14 |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.37 |
| Cancer | 116 (16.6%) | 26 (24.5%) | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 582 (83.4%) | 96 (90.6%) | 0.045 |
| Presenting characteristics | |||
| Anterior myocardial infarction | 47 (6.7%) | 3 (2.8%) | 0.09 |
| Block 2 – Clinical Factors | |||
| ACS Type | |||
| STEMI | 102 (14.7%) | 14 (13.3%) | 0.99 |
| NSTEMI | 359 (51.8%) | 57 (54.3%) | |
| UA | 232 (33.5%) | 34 (32.4%) | |
| Physiologic and laboratory characteristics: mean ± SD | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 141.7 ± 25.2 | 143.6 ± 26.7 | 0.48 |
| Pulse (bpm) | 75.7 ± 18.8 | 77.1 ± 15.2 | 0.39 |
| Respiratory rate (rpm) | 18.2 ± 3.5 | 18.4 ± 3.3 | 0.56 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 0.07 |
| Max troponin I (mg/dL) | 14.7 ± 28.3 | 18.5 ± 40.2 | 0.43 |
| Min sodium (mg/dL) | 135.8 ± 3.4 | 134.6 ± 3.8 | 0.0037 |
| Min hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 10.7 ± 2.5 | 0.044 |
| Block 3 – Mental health Factors and Cognition | |||
| Severe Depression* | 12 (1.7%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0.90 |
| Severe Anxiety** | 39 (5.6%) | 11 (10.4%) | 0.08 |
| High Perceived Stress*** | 214 (30.7%) | 44 (41.2%) | 0.029 |
| Cognitively Impaired**** | 163 (23.4%) | 30 (28.3%) | 0.27 |
| Block 4 – Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Factors | |||
| Education | |||
| High School or Less | 322 (46.1%) | 48 (45.7%) | 0.95 |
| Some college | 203 (29.1%) | 32 (30.5%) | |
| College graduate | 173 (24.8%) | 25 (23.8%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 611 (88.0%) | 91 (85.9%) | 0.74 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 62 (8.9%) | 12 (11.3%) | |
| Hispanic | 21 (3.0%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
| Low Social Support***** | 25 (3.6%) | 6 (5.7%) | 0.33 |
| Lives Alone | 176 (25.2%) | 34 (32.1%) | 0.14 |
| Low Health Literacy† | 247 (35.4%) | 53 (50.0%) | 0.0053 |
| Low Health Numeracy†† | 411 (58.9%) | 57 (53.8%) | 0.32 |
| Heavy Alcohol Drinker | 42 (6.0%) | 4 (3.8%) | 0.33 |
| Ever Smoker | 487 (69.8%) | 66 (62.3%) | 0.13 |
| Block 5 – In-Hospital Complications | |||
| In-hospital clinical complications | |||
| Cardiac Arrest | 5 (0.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.81 |
| Cardiogenic Shock | 7 (1.0%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0.46 |
| Heart Failure | 19 (2.7%) | 3 (2.8%) | 0.95 |
*
PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item score (5–9 mild; 10–14 moderate; 15–19 moderately severe; and ≥ 20 severe depression);
**
GAD-7 General Anxiety Disorder 7 item score (5–9 mild; 10–14 moderate; ≥15 Severe);
***
Perceived Stress Scale score (≥20 high perceived stress);
****
TICS – telephone interview for cognitive status score (≤28 impaired);
*****
Medical Outcomes Survey: Social Support Score (<12 low support);
†
Somewhat/Not at all confident/little confidence in filling out medical form;
††
Unable to answer both health numeracy questions correctly