Regional microglial heterogeneity is comparable to inter-tissue macrophage diversity. (a) Principal components analysis of the present regional microglial expression datasets and systemic macrophage datasets shows the extent of regional microglial heterogeneity relative to macrophage tissue diversity. (b) The number of highly-enriched genes (>10-fold, p < 0.05 with FDR correction) in microglia compared to peritoneal macrophages was similar for microglia from each brain region. (c) Venn diagram showing regional overlap of the genes highly enriched in microglia versus peritoneal macrophages. (d) The fold-change (microglia versus peritoneal macrophages) in expression of selected genes recently identified as signature genes distinguishing microglia from systemic macrophages was comparable across brain regions. Str, striatum; Hpp, hippocampus; Ctx, cerebral cortex; Cbm, cerebellum.