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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of DS treatments. (A) 15 mg/mL DS, (B) 30 mg/mL DS, and (C) polyphenol DS (PPDS)(30 mg/mL). DS treatments were added to NB medium and incubated at 37°C with E. coli for 4 h with shaking, cell viability was determined using the surface drop count method and expressed as viability in CFU. Significant differences between treatment groups are indicated as ∗p < 0.05.
