Table 1.
Studies on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance testing for arrhythmic risk stratification in patients with with low left ventricular ejection fraction of ischemic and nonischemic etiology
| Studies | Patients, n | AE, n | Arrhythmic end point | F-U (months) | Ejection fraction (%) | LGE-CMR patterns | Univariate analysis: HR (95% CI) | Multivariate analysis: HR (95% CI) | P |
| Studies with only ischemic cardiomyopathy patients | |||||||||
| Roes et al. (2009)34 | 91 | 18 | ICD therapya | 9 | 28 | Gray zone extent per 10-g increase | 1.56 (1.19–2.06) | 1.49 (1.01–2.20) | 0.04 |
| Scott et al. (2011)35 | 64 | 19 | ICD therapya | 19 | 30 | Transmural LGE segments, n | 1.40 (1.15–1.70) | 1.48 (1.18–1.84) | 0.001 |
| Alexandre et al. (2013)36 | 66 | 14 | ICD therapya | 42 | 23 | LGE extent per 1-g increase | 1.08 (104–1.12) | 3.15 (1.35–7.33) | <0.001 |
| Demirel et al. (2014)37 | 94 | 34 | ICD therapya, ventricular tachycardia | 65 | 32 | Peri- to core-infarct mass ratio % increase | 2.03 (1.18–3.48) | 2.01 (1.17–3.44) | 0.01 |
| Zeidan-Shwiri et al. (2015)38 | 43 | 28 | ICD therapya | 30 | 27 | Gray zone extent per 1 g increase | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) | 2.09 (1.14–3.85) | 0.0018 |
| Studies with only nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients | |||||||||
| Assomull et al. (2006)39 | 101 | 7 | Sudden death, ventricular tachycardiab | 22 | 36 | Midwall LGE presence | 5.2 (1.0–26.9) | 5.9 (1.1–32.2) | 0.04 |
| Iles et al. (2011)40 | 61 | 9 | ICD therapya | 19 | 25 | LGE presence | 25.8 (1.4–466.0)c | NR | <0.01 |
| Leyva et al. (2012)41 | 97 | 3 | Sudden death | 35 | 22 | Midwall LGE presence | 31.0 (1.5–627.8)c | NR | 0.0029 |
| Gulati et al. (2013)42 | 472 | 65 | ICD therapy, sudden death, aSDb | 64 | 37 | Midwall LGE presence | 5.24 (3.15–8.72) | 4.61 (2.75–7.74) | <0.001 |
| Neilan et al. (2013)43 | 162 | 37 | ICD therapya, sudden deathb | 29 | 26 | LGE presence | 14 (4.39–45.65) | NR | <0.0001 |
| Perazzolo et al. (2014)44 | 137 | 22 | ICD therapya, ventricular tachycardia / fibrillation, sudden death | 36 | 32 | LGE presence | 4.17 (1.56–11.2) | 3.8 (1.3–10.4) | 0.01 |
| Masci et al. (2014)45 | 228 | 8 | ICD therapy, aSD | 23 | 43 | LGE presence | 8.31 (1.66–41.55) | NR | 0.01 |
| Chimura et al. (2015)46 | 175 | 24 | ICD therapya, ventricular tachycardia / fibrillation | 61 | 28 | Both septal and lateral midwall LGE presence | 27.6 (7.18–106.3) | 23.1 (2.88–184.9) | 0.003 |
| Piers et al. (2015)47 | 87 | 28 | Ventricular tachycardia / fibrillation | 45 | 29 | Core extent per 10-g increase | 2.38 (1.34–4.22) | NR | 0.003 |
| Studies with mixed ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients | |||||||||
| Fernandez-Armenta et al. (2012)48 | 78 (41/37)d | 9 | ICD therapya | 25 | 22 | LGE extent per 1% increase | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.1 (1.06–1.15) | <0.01 |
| Gao et al. (2012)49 | 124 (59/65)d | 18 | ICD therapya, sudden death, aSD | 21 | 26 | LGE extent per 10-g increase | 1.40 (1.21–1.62) | 1.38 (1.18–1.62) | <0.001 |
| Klem et al. (2012)29 | 137 (73/64)d | 25 | ICD therapy, MIb | 24 | 35 | LGE >5% | 4.76 (1.65–13.7) | 4.59 (1.79–11.8) | 0.004 |
| Mordi et al. (2014)50 | 157 (61/96)d | 20 | ICD therapya,b | 31 | 28 | LGE extent per 1% increase | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.004 |
| Almehmadi et al. (2014)51 | 318 (149/169)d | 49 | ICD therapya, sudden death, aSD | 16 | 33 | Midwall LGE presence | 2.7 (1.5–5.0) | 2.4 (1.2–4.6) | 0.01 |
Only studies with evidence of a statistical analysis of the arrhythmic endpoint have been reported. AE, arrhythmic events; aSD, aborted sudden death; CI, confidence interval; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; F-U, mean follow-up; HR, hazard ratio; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; NR, not reported.
aIncluding antitachycardia pacing.
bSecondary endpoint.
cOdds ratio (95% CI).
dIschemic/nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients.