Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Time	Type	Invention		Age(years)		Gender(F/M)		Follow-up(months)
			IF	PF	IF	PF	IF	PF	IF	PF
Lee YS et al.	2007	RCT	Knowles pin	DCP	60.4(50–81)	56.7(52–79)	32(19/13)	30(17/13)	30
Lee YS et al.	2008	RCT	Knowles pin	DCP, tubular and reconstruction plate	40.1	38.2	56(19/37)	32(12/20)	12
Ferran NA et al.	2010	RCT	Rockwood Pin	LC-DCP	23.8(13–42)	35.4(16–53)	17(14/3)	15(13/2)	12.7 ± 3.5	12.1 ± 5.7
Assobhi JE et al.	2011	RCT	Titanium elastic nail	3.5 mm reconstruction plate	30.3 ± 4.8	32.6 ± 5.9	19(16/3)	19(17/2)	14.5 ± 1.5	18.6 ± 3.8
Narsaria N et al.	2014	RCT	Titanium elastic nail	3.5 mm DCP	38.9 ± 9.1	40.3 ± 11.2	33(9/24)	32(6/26)	24
Saha P et al.	2014	RCT	Titanium elastic nail	Locking plate	33.3 ± 11.8	33.0 ± 12.6	34(4/30)	37(7/30)	24.6 ± 2.4	25.1 ± 3.3
S, Thyagarajan D et al.	2009	nRCT	Rockwood Pin	LC-DCP	28(15–56)	32.1(17–46)	17(1/16)	17(2/15)	5.9(4–11)
Liu HH et al.	2010	nRCT	Titanium elastic nail	Reconstruction LCP	33.6 ± 13.5	31.7 ± 9.7	51(19/32)	59(30/29)	17.7(12–27)
Kleweno CP et al.	2011	nRCT	Rockwood Pin	Reconstruction plate or locking plate	35(16–56)	28(16–46)	18(3/15)	14(4/10)	8(3–28)	17(4–58)
Fu TH et al.	2012	nRCT	Knowles pin	Reconstruction plate	35.2 ± 14.5	39.9 ± 14.8	53(15/38)	40(17/33)	15(12–153)	14(12–92)
Chen YF et al.	2012	nRCT	Titanium elastic nail	3.5 mm reconstruction plates	38(26.5–58)	46.5(36.5–58.8)	25(15/10)	32(14/18)	12
Tarng YW et al.	2012	nRCT	Titanium elastic nail	Reconstruction plates	34.3(20–59)	36.5(19–63)	57(16/41)	84(23/61)	24
Wijdicks FJ et al.	2012	nRCT	Titanium elastic nail	Reconstruction plate or locking plate	39.4 ± 14.1	33.1 ± 15.6	43(10/33)	47(14/33)	6(5–12)	8(2–15)
Wenninger JJ et al.	2013	nRCT	Rigid Hagie pin	3.5 mm reconstruction plate or LC-DCP	25.2(18–51)	26.9(20–49)	33(1/32)	29(3/26)	12
Jones LD et al.	2014	nRCT	Titanium elastic nail	N	N	N	25	24	30(12–54)