| Möller 1973 |
Denmark |
340 |
School children |
Sorbitol gum |
2 years |
NR |
No gum |
10% |
| Scheinin 1975 |
Finland |
100 |
Young adults |
Xylitol gum |
1 year |
NR |
Sucrose gum |
91% |
| Glass 1983 |
USA |
540 |
Children aged 7–11 |
Sorbitol gum twice a day |
2 years |
NR |
No gum |
2% |
| Isokangas 1989 |
Finland |
324 |
Children aged 11–12 |
Xylitol gum |
5 years |
NR |
No gum |
45% |
| Kandelman 1990 |
Canada |
274 |
Children aged 8–9 |
15% and 65% Xylitol gum |
2 years |
NR |
No gum |
61 – 66% |
| Mäkinen 1995 |
Belize |
1,277 |
Children aged 10 |
Sorbitol, xylitol or combinations |
40 months |
NR |
No gum |
17 – 71% |
| Mäkinen 1996 |
Belize |
510 |
Children aged 6 |
Sorbitol, xylitol or combinations |
24 months |
NR |
No gum |
28 – 69% |
| Beiswanger 1998 |
Puerto Rico |
1,402 |
Children in grades 5–7 |
Sorbitol gum, daily after meals. |
2 years |
NR |
No gum |
12% |
| Alanen 2000 |
Estonia |
740 |
Children aged 10 |
Xylitol gum |
3 years |
Control group DMFS: 2.18 (SD 3.30) |
No gum |
54% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Xylitol group DMFS: 2.10 (SD 2.55) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement excludes surfaces with incipient caries |
|
|
| Szöke 2001 |
Hungary |
547 |
School children aged 8–13 |
Sorbitol stick, daily after meals |
2 years |
Control group DMFS: 1.94 (2.85) |
No gum |
33% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Gum group DMFS: 1.69 (SD 2.64) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement excludes surfaces with incipient caries |
|
|
| Machiulskiene 2001 |
Lithuania |
432 |
Children aged 9–14 |
Sorbitol, xylitol, HIS gum |
3 years |
Control group DMFS: 6.4 (SD 4.3) |
No gum |
25 – 33% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Xylitol gum group DMFS: 5.0 (SD 3.9) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement includes all stages of caries formation |
|
|
| Kovari 2003 |
Finland |
921 |
Children in day care centres |
Xylitol gum |
6 years |
NR |
No gum |
Paper could not be retrieved |
| Peng 2004 |
China |
1,143 |
Children aged 6–7 |
Sorbitol, xylitol, carbamide gum |
2 years |
Control group DMFS: 0.05 (SD 0.30) |
No gum |
42% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Gum group DMFS: 0.07 (SD 0.32) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement includes all stages of caries formation |
|
|
| Morgan 2008 |
Australia |
2,720 |
Children aged 11–13 |
CPP-ACP gum |
2 years |
Control group D1MFS: 2.80 (SD 3.85) |
SFG |
17% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Gum group D1MFS: 2.76 (SD 3.79) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement includes all stages of caries formation |
|
|
| Tao 2013 |
China |
157 |
Children aged 8–9 |
Tea polyphenol gum |
2 years |
Control group DMFS: 0.36 (SD 0.79) |
No gum |
58% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Gum group DMFS: 0.56 (SD 1.13) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement includes all stages of caries formation |
|
|
