Figure 1.

Association between sex and time to first event. Hazard ratios (HRs) for women versus men for first events, where HR <1 indicates lower risk in women. Event categories include the following: all cause (all-cause death or hospitalization); I-PRESERVE (the primary outcome of the Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction trial, which was all-cause death or hospitalization for protocol-specified cardiovascular cause, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, arrhythmia, or stroke); CV (cardiovascular events); and non-CV (noncardiovascular events). Black circles and lines represent unadjusted HR and 95% CI. Gray squares and lines represent HR and 95% CI adjusted for age, obesity, New York Heart Association status, heart failure (HF) cause, HF hospitalization within 6 months, comorbidities/risk factors (history of hypertension, stable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass surgery, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, chronic obstructive lung disease, valve disease, smoking), ejection fraction, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, neutrophil count, glomerular filtration rate, and medications.