Table 4.
Sex Differences in the Multivariable Predictors of All-Cause Events
| Variable | HR (95% CI); P Value
|
P Value Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | ||
| Age | 1.024 (1.014–1.035); <0.001 | 1.025 (1.013–1.037); <0.001 | 0.45 |
| Obesity | 1.210 (1.063–1.377); 0.004 | 1.136 (0.969–1.330); 0.115 | 0.52 |
| NYHA (class III/IV vs I/II) | 1.019 (0.852–1.220); 0.835 | 1.329 (1.076–1.640); 0.008 | 0.006 |
| HF cause (ischemic vs nonischemic) | 1.046 (0.868–1.262); 0.635 | 1.159 (0.956–1.406); 0.134 | 0.054 |
| Hypertension | 0.845 (0.677–1.055); 0.138 | 0.999 (0.813–1.228); 0.990 | 0.41 |
| Stable angina pectoris | 1.020 (0.880–1.182); 0.795 | 1.117 (0.947–1.317); 0.191 | 0.007 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.035 (0.859–1.247); 0.718 | 1.040 (0.867–1.248); 0.669 | 0.13 |
| PCI/CABG | 1.107 (0.870–1.408); 0.408 | 1.242 (1.011–1.525); 0.039 | 0.96 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.115 (0.928–1.341); 0.244 | 0.834 (0.680–1.022); 0.080 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.454 (1.128–1.872); 0.004 | 1.178 (0.851–1.631); 0.323 | 0.49 |
| Smoking | 1.117 (0.905–1.378); 0.301 | 1.208 (1.035–1.410); 0.016 | 0.58 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 1.351 (1.081–1.689); 0.008 | 1.301 (1.054–1.606); 0.014 | 0.59 |
| Valve disease | 1.117 (0.925–1.349); 0.248 | 1.140 (0.909–1.431); 0.257 | 0.47 |
| Heart rate (per 1 bpm) | 1.004 (0.998–1.010); 0.247 | 1.004 (0.996–1.011); 0.336 | 0.97 |
| SBP (per 1 mm Hg) | 1.000 (0.996–1.005); 0.889 | 1.000 (0.995–1.005); 0.917 | 0.90 |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.962 (0.929–0.996); 0.029 | 0.946 (0.912–0.982); 0.003 | 0.95 |
| NT-pro-BNP (per 1 log unit) | 1.172 (1.085–1.265); <0.001 | 1.174 (1.077–1.281); ≤0.001 | 0.44 |
| Hospitalization in 6 mo | 1.447 (1.240–1.690); <0.001 | 1.411 (1.171–1.700); <0.001 | 0.049 |
| Neutrophil count (per 1 log unit) | 1.154 (0.966–1.377); 0.114 | 1.634 (1.309–2.041); <0.001 | 0.048 |
| Ejection fraction | 0.985 (0.972–0.999); 0.033 | 0.992 (0.977–1.007); 0.281 | 0.70 |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 0.991 (0.987–0.994); <0.001 | 0.997 (0.993–1.002); 0.211 | 0.01 |
| Antiarrythmic | 1.320 (1.052–1.656); 0.016 | 1.036 (0.806–1.333): 0.781 | 0.004 |
HR indicates hazards ratio; NYHA, New York Heart Association; HF, heart failure; PCI/CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass surgery; bpm, beats per minute; SBP, systolic blood pressure; NT-pro-BNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.