. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Future Child. 2015 Fall;25(2):51–66. doi: 10.1353/foc.2015.0012

Table 1.

Summary of Research on Associations between Cohabitation and Child Wellbeing

	Children 0–12		Children 13–17

	Physical Health	Psychosocial/ Cognitive	Physical Health	Psychosocial/ Cognitive
Family Structure at Birth
Cohabiting vs. Married	Negative association	Negative association	Negative association	Negative association

Current Family Structure
Two Biological Parents: Cohabiting vs. Married	No significant association	No significant association	N/A	N/A
Stepparents: Cohabiting vs. Married	Negative association	Negative association	No significant association	No significant association

Note: NA = data not available; 82 percent of adolescents in cohabiting parent families live with stepparents.