(a). Moment of resistance (resistive curve) to dorsiflexion in the ankle during normal walking (from Scott and Winter (1991), with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd., Kidlington OX5 1GB, UK.
(b). Typical resistive curve in the current prosthetic ankle unit either of bending or pin-joint type. The curve is shown from the vertical position of the shank; M0 is an initial moment to be applied to start the articulation.