(a). A minimal force couple F,-F provided by a stump, which tends to bend the metatarsal area (the point B) of a prosthetic foot when the moment MB=rF becomes greater than the moment Mg=mgl of the force of gravity. The elevation of the centre of mass m is L.
(b). Decreased moment's Mg arm l1 when free deflection is allowed in the ankle up to 5° of dorsiflexion and corresponding couple F1,-F1