Table 1.

Adapted critical appraisal tool

	Yes (=1)	No (=0)	Not addressed (=0)	Not applicable (=0)
1. Was the study purpose clearly stated?
2. Was relevant background literature reviewed?
3. Was the sample described in detail?
4. Was sample size justified?
5. Were the outcome measures reliable?
6. Were the outcome measures valid?
7. Was intervention described in detail?
8. Was contamination avoided?
9. Was cointervention avoided?
10. Were results reported in terms of statistical significance?
11. If multiple outcomes, was that taken into account in the statistical analysis?
12. Were the analysis methods appropriate?
13. Was educational importance reported?
14. Were dropouts reported?
15. Were the conclusions appropriate given study methods and results?

Note: Data from Law et al.²⁰