Expression of Trx1 is partly dependent on AP-1. (A) Three tandem AP-1 binding sites are present in the Trx1 promoter. (B) The combining capacity of AP-1 and Trx1 was detected by dual luciferase activity assay. Astrocytes were transfected with luciferase reporter constructs driven by a Wt or TRE-mutated fragment from the Trx1 promoter as well as an AP-1 plasmid. At 24 h post-transfection, luciferase activity of the Wt plasmid was shown to be increased by AP-1, while the mutant vector was not affected by Ap-1. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n=6). *P<0.05 vs. the control. Trx1, thioredoxin 1; si, small interfering; AP-1, activator protein-1; Luc, luciferase; Wt, wild-type; MtTRE, TRE mutant; TRE, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element.