Table 3.
Results of sensitivity analysis based on lagged values of county-level variables
| Outcomes
|
Hospital/ED visit
|
PCP office visit
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | Coefficient | P-value | Marginal effect | Coefficient | P-value | Marginal effect |
| All lagged variables | ||||||
| Pulmonary care specialists per 100,000 persons | −0.019 | 0.041* | −0.004 | −0.005 | 0.589 | −0.002 |
| RHCs per 100,000 persons | −0.003 | 0.642 | −0.001 | −0.003 | 0.529 | −0.001 |
| FQHCs per 100,000 persons | 0.009 | 0.311 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.701 | 0.001 |
| Hospitals per 100,000 persons | 0.036 | 0.037* | 0.008 | NA | ||
| PCPs per 10,000 persons | NA | −0.003 | 0.758 | −0.001 | ||
| Lagged variables of pulmonary specialists and safety net facilities | ||||||
| Pulmonary care specialists per 100,000 persons | −0.019 | 0.042* | −0.004 | −0.008 | 0.409 | −0.003 |
| RHCs per 100,000 persons | −0.003 | 0.611 | −0.001 | −0.003 | 0.554 | −0.001 |
| FQHCs per 100,000 persons | 0.008 | 0.314 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.705 | 0.001 |
| Hospitals per 100,000 persons | 0.038 | 0.027* | 0.008 | NA | ||
| PCPs per 10,000 persons | NA | 0.002 | 0.822 | 0.001 | ||
| Lagged variables of pulmonary specialists only | ||||||
| Pulmonary care specialists per 100,000 persons | −0.018 | 0.045* | −0.004 | −0.008 | 0.419 | −0.003 |
| RHCs per 100,000 persons | −0.002 | 0.740 | −4.75E–04 | −0.002 | 0.642 | −0.001 |
| FQHCs per 100,000 persons | 0.007 | 0.397 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.738 | 0.001 |
| Hospitals per 100,000 persons | 0.038 | 0.031* | 0.008 | NA | ||
| PCPs per 10,000 persons | NA | 0.002 | 0.814 | 0.001 | ||
Note:
*
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; RHCs, rural health centers; FQHCs, federally qualified health centers; NA, not applicable; PCP, primary care physician.