Table 4.

Results of subpopulation analyses based on existence of pulmonary specialists

Outcomes	Hospital/ED visit			PCP office visit
Covariates	Coefficient	P-value	Marginal effect	Coefficient	P-value	Marginal effect
Number of pulmonary specialists =0 (unweighted/weighted N=2,581/512,339)
Pulmonary care specialists per 100,000 persons	NA			NA
RHCs per 100,000 persons	−0.001	0.836	−3.06E–04	−0.005	0.409	−0.002
FQHCs per 100,000 persons	0.013	0.216	0.003	0.005	0.596	0.002
Hospitals per 100,000 persons	0.056	0.005*	0.012	NA
PCPs per 10,000 persons	NA			0.002	0.914	0.001
Number of pulmonary specialists >0, including pulmonary care specialist variable (unweighted/weighted N=6,751/1,579,435)
Pulmonary care specialists per 100,000 persons	−0.028	0.016*	−0.006	−0.007	0.522	−0.002
RHCs per 100,000 persons	−0.010	0.632	−0.002	−0.008	0.633	−0.003
FQHCs per 100,000 persons	0.001	0.888	2.76E–04	−0.005	0.563	−0.002
Hospitals per 100,000 persons	0.026	0.369	0.005	NA
PCPs per 10,000 persons	NA			0.003	0.805	0.001

Note:

^*P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; RHCs, rural health centers; FQHCs, federally qualified health centers; NA, not applicable; PCP, primary care physician.