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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biophys. 2014;43:93–117. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022855

Fig. 2. Model of the fully-assembled CusCFBA tetrapartite efflux system.

Fig. 2

In E. coli, this HME-RND complex is responsible for extruding Cu(I) and Ag(I) ions directly from the cell with use of the proton-motive force. It consists of the inner-membrane transporter CusA (yellow), the membrane-fusion adaptor CusB (blue), the outer-membrane channel CusC (green) as well as the periplasmic metallochaperone CusF (grey). Cu(I) and Ag(I) ions have been found in complex with each of CusA, CusB and CusF.