Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Variable | All (n=333) | With ABPM at week 1 (n=295) | Clinic NT at week 1 (n=262) | With ABPM at week 4 (n=274) | Clinic NT at week 4 (n=246) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.4±9.9 | 69.5±9.9 | 69.3±9.9 | 69.5±10 | 69.9±10 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 327 (98%) | 290 (98%) | 257 (98%) | 269 (98%) | 241 (98%) |
| Race | |||||
| White, n (%) | 268 (80%) | 236 (80%) | 213 (81%) | 221 (81%) | 201 (82%) |
| Black, n (%) | 55 (17%) | 50 (17%) | 40 (15%) | 44 (16%) | 36 (15%) |
| Other, n (%) | 10 (3%) | 9 (3%) | 9 (3%) | 9 (3%) | 9 (4%) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) |
| Weight (kg) | 93.8±16.9 | 94.1±17.1 | 94.7±17.3 | 93.9±16.9 | 94.3±16.8 |
| Body mass index, (kg/m2) | 30.7±4.7 | 30.8±4.7 | 30.9±4.8 | 30.8±4.6 | 30.9±4.5 |
| Comorbid illnesses | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 219 (66%) | 195 (66%) | 169 (65%) | 175 (64%) | 154 (63%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 73 (33%) | 66 (22%) | 56 (21%) | 55 (20%) | 44 (18%) |
| Diabetic neuropathy, n (%) | 101 (46%) | 89 (30%) | 75 (29%) | 76 (28%) | 61 (25%) |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 97 (29%) | 87 (30%) | 77 (30%) | 78 (28%) | 71 (29%) |
| Percutaneous coronary revascularization, n (%) | 81 (24%) | 76 (26%) | 68 (26%) | 66 (24%) | 62 (25%) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft, n (%) | 74 (22%) | 64 (22%) | 55 (21%) | 61 (22%) | 55 (22%) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 67 (20%) | 58 (20%) | 48 (18%) | 52 (19%) | 45 (18%) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 42 (13%) | 35 (12%) | 31 (12%) | 35 (13%) | 31 (13%) |
| Cardiac resuscitation, n (%) | 6 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 5 (2%) | 5 (2%) |
| Pacemaker or defibrillator, n (%) | 37 (11%) | 31 (11%) | 29 (11%) | 26 (9%) | 26 (11%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 74 (22%) | 64 (22%) | 52 (20%) | 60 (22%) | 49 (20%) |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 92 (28%) | 80 (27%) | 69 (26%) | 74 (27%) | 63 (26%) |
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | 17 (5%) | 13 (4%) | 10 (4%) | 13 (5%) | 8 (3%) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never, n (%) | 54 (16%) | 47 (16%) | 44 (17%) | 41 (15%) | 38 (15%) |
| Past, n (%) | 222 (67%) | 201 (68%) | 177 (68%) | 185 (68%) | 168 (68%) |
| Current, n (%) | 57 (17%) | 47 (16%) | 41 (16%) | 48 (18%) | 40 (16%) |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4±0.5 | 4±0.5 | 4±0.5 | 4±0.5 | 4±0.5 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3±1.8 | 13.2±1.8 | 13.3±1.7 | 13.4±1.8 | 13.4±1.8 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 44.1±15.8 | 44±15.6 | 44.5±15.8 | 44.1±15.3 | 44.4±15.5 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (g/g) | 0.33±0.88 | 0.33±0.85 | 0.25±0.57 | 0.3±0.87 | 0.27±0.86 |
| Antihypertensive drugs (n) | 3.1±1.4 | 3.2±1.4 | 3.1±1.4 | 3.1±1.4 | 3.1±1.4 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, n (%) | 179 (54%) | 155 (53%) | 141 (54%) | 145 (53%) | 129 (52%) |
| Angiotension receptor blockers, n (%) | 66 (20%) | 64 (22%) | 57 (22%) | 60 (22%) | 56 (23%) |
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 227 (68%) | 202 (68%) | 177 (68%) | 186 (68%) | 167 (68%) |
| α-Blockers, n (%) | 114 (34%) | 107 (36%) | 98 (37%) | 95 (35%) | 85 (35%) |
| Centrally acting agents, n (%) | 25 (8%) | 23 (8%) | 16 (6%) | 22 (8%) | 16 (7%) |
| Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, n (%) | 140 (42%) | 132 (45%) | 112 (43%) | 110 (40%) | 92 (37%) |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics, n (%) | 34 (10%) | 29 (10%) | 28 (11%) | 30 (11%) | 29 (12%) |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 129 (39%) | 114 (39%) | 96 (37%) | 107 (39%) | 94 (38%) |
| Non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, n (%) | 14 (4%) | 12 (4%) | 11 (4%) | 12 (4%) | 12 (5%) |
| Thiazide diuretics, n (%) | 81 (24%) | 72 (24%) | 66 (25%) | 69 (25%) | 64 (26%) |
| Vasodilators, n (%) | 20 (6%) | 20 (7%) | 13 (5%) | 17 (6%) | 13 (5%) |
NT, normotension.