Table 8. Comparison of time-adjusted parameters as function of local sunshine radiation of categories 300 to 400 W/m2 versus 0 to 100 W/m2.
| Parameter | Gender | Global sunshine radiation, category 300–400 W/m2 | Global sunshine radiation, category 0–100 W/m2 | Rank sum test p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time in bed (min) | Both | 405.0 (364.0, 454.0) | 453.0 (390.8, 512.2) | <0.001 |
| Time in bed (min) | Female | 414.0 (390.0, 511.0) | 487.0 (432.5, 539.5) | 0.010 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | Both | 85.3 (77.9, 89.1) | 81.5 (74.2, 86.9) | <0.001 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | Male | 86.9 (78.7, 91.8) | 81.7 (74.4, 87.1) | <0.001 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | Female | 83.4 (76.2, 88.6) | 81.2 (74.1, 86.5) | 0.081 |
| Sleep onset (hh:mm) | Both | 12:04 a.m. (11:05 p.m., 12:44 a.m.) | 12:36 a.m. (11:39 p.m., 01:33 a.m.) | <0.001 |
| Sleep onset (hh:mm) | Male | 12:07 a.m. (11:10 p.m., 01:03 a.m.) | 12:49 a.m. (11:43 p.m., 01:56 a.m.) | <0.001 |
| Sleep offset (hh:mm) | Both | 06:40 a.m. (06:03 a.m., 07:09 a.m.) | 07:34 a.m. (06:58 a.m., 08:14 a.m.) | <0.001 |
| Sleep offset (hh:mm) | Male | 06:40 a.m. (06:03 a.m., 07:08 a.m.) | 07:28 a.m. (06:54 a.m., 08:14 a.m.) | <0.001 |
| Sleep offset (hh:mm) | Female | 06:42 a.m. (06:03 a.m., 07:14 a.m.) | 07:42 a.m. (07:12 a.m., 08:13 a.m.) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity level (MET) | Both | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity level (MET) | Male | 1.9 (1.6, 2.1) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | <0.001 |
Time-adjusted values of parameters that yielded a quadratic relationship with overwintering time (Table 5) and a linear relationship with local sunshine radiation (Table 7), displayed as median values and 25th and 75th percentiles, per category of local sunshine radiation and p-value results of Mann-Whitney rank sum test between both categories; bold-typed results denote significant results. Sleep onset and offset are reported as times of the day.