Table 1. Material properties/values of the FEA models.

	Young’s Modulus (MPa)	Poisson's ratio (μ)
Vertebral centrum
Cortical bone	12000.0	0.3
Cancellous bone	100.0	0.2
End plate	12000.0	0.3
Vertebral arch	3500.0	0.25
Intervertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus	1.0	0.49
Annulus fiber	4.2	0.45
Implants
Screw-rod	110000.0	0.3
Cage	110000.0	0.3