Table 2.
Characteristics of the studied variables by sex
| All | Male | Female | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1258 | 541 | 717 | |
| (%) | 43.0 (40.3 to 45.7) | 57.0 (54.3 to 59.7) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.0±11.5 | 58.9±11.8 | 57.3±11.2 | 0.0120 |
| Height (cm) | 157.4±9.4 | 163.9±8.1 | 152.4±7.0 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 60.8±13.9 | 64.8±13.1 | 57.8±13.7 | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 24.4±4.5 | 24.0±4.1 | 24.7±4.9 | 0.0064 |
| Overweight (BMI>25) (%) | 40.1 (37.4 to 42.8) | 36.6 (32.5 to 40.7) | 42.8 (39.2 to 46.4) | 0.0259 |
| Blood glucose | ||||
| FBG (mg/dL) | 101.3±24.5 | 104.7±29.6 | 98.7±19.5 | <0.0001 |
| 2 h-BG (mg/dL) | 124.9±50.1 | 129.3±58.6 | 121.6±42.3 | 0.0068 |
| Fasting IHG/Fasting DM (%) | 12.7 (10.9 to 14.5)/6.5 (5.1 to 7.9) | 15.3 (12.3 to 18.3)/9.6 (7.1 to 12.1) | 10.7 (8.4 to 13.0)/4.2 (2.7 to 5.7) | <0.0001 |
| IHG/DM (%) | 25.1 (22.7 to 27.5)/8.9 (7.3 to 10.5) | 27.5 (23.7 to 31.3)/12.0 (9.3 to 14.7) | 23.3 (20.2 to 26.4)/6.6 (4.8 to 8.4) | 0.0002 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 34.8 (32.2 to 37.4) | 38.3 (34.2 to 42.4) | 32.2 (28.3 to 36.1) | 0.0259 |
| Triglycerides | 98.5±58.3 | 104.8±56.5 | 93.7±59.3 | 0.0012 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (%) | 12.3 (10.5 to 14.1) | 16.0 (12.9 to 19.1) | 9.6 (7.1 to 12.1) | 0.0011 |
| Total cholesterol | 187.3±46.2 | 185.5±45.2 | 188.4±47.4 | NS |
| Total cholesterol ≥220 mg/dL (%) | 21.9 (19.6 to 24.2) | 20.1 (16.7 to 23.5) | 23.3 (20.2 to 26.4) | NS |
| HDL cholesterol | 52.6±16.2 | 50.7±20.2 | 54.1±12.0 | 0.0003 |
| HDL cholesterol<40 mg/dL (%) | 13.8 (11.9 to 15.7) | 19.3 (16.0 to 22.6) | 9.6 (7.4 to 11.8) | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mm HG) | 134.0±25.1 | 135.6±23.4 | 132.8±26.3 | 0.0507 |
| DBP (mm HG) | 85.6±14.4 | 86.0±14.2 | 85.2±14.5 | NS |
| Hypertension (%) | 40.4 (37.7 to 43.1) | 42.7 (38.5 to 46.9) | 38.7 (35.1 to 42.3) | NS |
| Livelihood | ||||
| Farmer (%) | 23.5 (21.2 to 25.8) | 20.9 (17.5 to 24.3) | 25.4 (22.2 to 28.6) | 0.0001 |
| Nomad (%) | 26.3 (23.9 to 28.7) | 32.3 (28.4 to 36.2) | 21.8 (18.8 to 24.8) | |
| Urban dweller (%) | 50.2 (47.4 to 53.0) | 46.8 (42.6 to 51.0) | 52.9 (49.2 to 56.6) | |
| Altitude (m) | 3641.7±523.3 | 3691.7±562.3 | 3603.9±488.9 | 0.0032 |
| Altitude level (%) | ||||
| 2500–3499 m | 45.6 (42.8 to 48.4) | 44.4 (40.2 to 48.6) | 46.6 (42.9 to 50.3 | 0.0002 |
| 3500–4499 m | 41.9 (39.2 to 44.6) | 38.8 (34.7 to 42.9) | 44.2 (40.6 to 47.8) | |
| 4500+ m | 12.5 (10.7 to 14.3) | 16.8 (13.6 to 20.0) | 9.2 (7.1 to 11.3) | |
| SpO2 (%) | 90.6±4.3 | 90.8±4.1 | 90.5±4.4 | NS |
| Hypoxaemia (SpO2 <89%) (%) | 25.2 (22.8 to 27.6) | 25.0 (21.4 to 28.6) | 25.4 (22.2 to 28.6) | NS |
| Hb (g/dL) | 15.6±2.7 | 17.1±2.3 | 14.5±2.4 | <0.0001 |
| Group according to Hb (%) | ||||
| Anaemia | 7.5 (6.0 to 9.0) | 2.0 (0.8 to 3.2) | 11.6 (9.3 to 13.9) | <0.0001 |
| Normal | 56.4 (53.7 to 59.1) | 59.3 (55.2 to 63.4) | 54.3 (50.7 to 57.9) | |
| Moderate polycythaemia | 27.7 (25.2 to 30.2) | 24.8 (21.2 to 28.4) | 29.8 (26.5 to 33.1) | |
| Excessive polycythaemia | 8.4 (6.9 to 9.9) | 13.9 (11.0 to 16.8) | 4.3 (2.8 to 5.8) | |
Values are mean±SD, or % (95% CI).
Data were analysed using χ2 test for comparison of the rates of variables, and by the Student t test for comparison of variables between males and females.
2h-BG, 2 h blood glucose following 75 g OGTT; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus by OGTT; fasting DM, fasting diabetes mellitus by FBG; fasting IHG, fasting intermediate hyperglycaemia by FBG; FBG, fasting blood glucose; Hb, haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NS, not significant; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2, oxyhaemoglobin saturation measured by pulse oximeter.