Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by quartiles of serum trans fatty acids
| Quartiles of serum trans fatty acids (wt%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| 0.30 (0.10, 0.36)a | 0.41 (0.37, 0.45) | 0.51 (0.46, 0.55) | 0.64 (0.56, 1.61) | |||
| n = 1364 | n = 355 | n = 325 | n = 331 | n = 353 | p-trendb | |
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Male sexc | 1019 (74.7) | 296 (83.4) | 240 (73.8) | 239 (72.2) | 244 (69.1) | <0.001 |
| Age (years)d | 61 (54, 69) | 57 (51, 63) | 61 (54, 68) | 64 (56, 71) | 65 (55, 72) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (24.1, 28.7) | 26.7 (24.4, 29.0) | 26.0 (24.3, 28.7) | 26.1 (24.0, 28.7) | 26.1 (23.8, 28.7) | 0.11 |
| Fasting | 187 (14.5) | 69 (20.7) | 46 (15.0) | 34 (10.7) | 38 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (75, 88) | 81 (75, 90) | 80 (75, 87) | 80 (74, 87) | 80 (74, 89) | 1.00 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138 (125, 152) | 139 (126, 154) | 139 (125, 150) | 136 (124, 150) | 137 (122, 154) | 0.08 |
| Cardiovascular history | ||||||
| Previous AMI | 553 (40.5) | 140 (39.4) | 126 (38.8) | 137 (41.4) | 150 (42.5) | 0.84 |
| Previous PCI | 239 (17.5) | 83 (23.4) | 61 (18.8) | 45 (13.6) | 50 (14.2) | <0.01 |
| Previous CABG | 134 (9.8) | 32 (9.0) | 38 (11.7) | 33 (10.0) | 31 (8.8) | 0.70 |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Impaired ejection fraction | 151 (11.1) | 42 (11.8) | 30 (9.2) | 38 (11.5) | 41 (11.6) | 0.98 |
| Diabetes | 140 (10.3) | 38 (10.7) | 26 (8.0) | 33 (10.0) | 43 (12.2) | 0.71 |
| Current smoker | 457 (33.5) | 158 (44.5) | 101 (31.1) | 92 (27.8) | 106 (30.0) | 0.05 |
| Clinical diagnosis before baseline coronary angiography | ||||||
| Stable angina | 1273 (93.3) | 318 (89.6) | 296 (91.1) | 315 (95.2) | 344 (97.5) | <0.001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 91 (6.7) | 37 (10.4) | 29 (8.9) | 16 (4.8) | 9 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Extent of coronary artery stenosis at baseline coronary angiography | ||||||
| No significant stenosis | 234 (17.2) | 44 (12.4) | 67 (20.6) | 58 (17.5) | 65 (18.4) | 0.09 |
| 1-vessel disease | 368 (27.0) | 134 (37.7) | 74 (22.8) | 85 (25.7) | 75 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| 2-vessel disease | 329 (26.3) | 91 (25.6) | 82 (25.2) | 94 (28.4) | 92 (26.1) | 0.35 |
| 3-vesseldisease | 403 (29.5) | 86 (24.2) | 102 (31.4) | 94 (28.4) | 121 (34.3) | 0.04 |
| Medication following baseline coronary angiography | ||||||
| Acetylsalisylic acid | 1175 (86.1) | 316 (89.0) | 276 (84.9) | 284 (85.8) | 299 (84.7) | 0.14 |
| ADP receptor blocker | 322 (23.6) | 118 (33.2) | 75 (23.1) | 60 (18.1) | 69 (19.5) | <0.01 |
| Statins | 1107 (81.2) | 309 (87.0) | 263 (80.9) | 255 (77.0) | 280 (79.3) | 0.01 |
| β-blockers | 1022 (74.9) | 268 (75.5) | 235 (72.5) | 248 (74.9) | 271 (77.0) | 0.43 |
| ACE inhibitors | 272 (19.9) | 75 (21.1) | 64 (19.7) | 60 (18.1) | 73 (20.7) | 0.36 |
| Loop diuretika | 145 (10.6) | 26 (7.3) | 32 (9.8) | 42 (12.7) | 45 (12.7) | 0.11 |
| Fatty acids | ||||||
| Total fatty acids (mg/L) | 3932 (3320, 4673) | 3913 (3225, 4646) | 3881 (3345, 4490) | 3883 (3293, 4570) | 4114 (3407, 4835) | 0.02 |
| Trans fatty acid (mg/L) | 17.8 (13.3, 23.8) | 11.5 (8.97, 14.0) | 15.8 (13.3, 18.7) | 19.6 (16.5, 23.1) | 26.9 (22.3, 33.8) | <0.001 |
| Trans 16:1n7 (mg/L) | 2.64 (1.91, 3.68) | 1.75 (1.36, 2.24) | 2.46 (1.89, 3.09) | 2.95 (2.40, 3.77) | 3.81 (2.93, 4.94) | <0.001 |
| Trans 18:1 (mg/L) | 15.0 (11.2, 20.2) | 9.66 (7.57, 11.8) | 13.3 (11.2, 15.6) | 16.4 (14.0, 19.7) | 22.9 (18.8, 29.1) | <0.001 |
| Lipid related parameters | ||||||
| ApoA1 (g/L) | 1.29 (1.14, 1.46) | 1.31 (1.17, 1.49) | 1.31 (1.14, 1.48) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.43) | 1.26 (1.12, 1.45) | <0.01 |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.07) | 0.16 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.00 (4.30, 5.80) | 5.00 (4.30, 5.70) | 5.10 (4.40, 5.95) | 5.00 (4.30, 5.90) | 5.10 (4.30, 5.80) | 0.33 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.43) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.40) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.50) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.40) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.40) | 1.00 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.52 (1.13, 2.15) | 1.44 (1.08, 2.18) | 1.48 (1.13, 1.92) | 1.49 (1.08, 2.02) | 1.67 (1.20, 2.40) | 0.01 |
| Lp(a) (mmol/L) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.54) | 0.25 (0.11, 0.59) | 0.22 (0.10, 0.54) | 0.19 (0.09, 0.48) | 0.22 (0.10, 0.54) | 0.11 |
| Other parameters | ||||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.70 (5.10, 6.70) | 5.80 (5.10, 6.80) | 5.60 (5.10, 6.50) | 5.60 (5.20, 6.50) | 5.70 (5.00, 6.80) | 1.00 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) | 5.84 (5.17, 6.54) | 5.77 (5.19, 6.38) | 5.77 (5.12, 6.44) | 5.95 (5.22, 6.65) | 5.87 (5.09, 6.73) | 0.11 |
| Arginine (μmol/L) | 71.5 (50.9, 90.5) | 77.8 (56.0, 96.5) | 70.4 (51.2, 87.7) | 65.3 (50.2, 88.2) | 71.6 (49.1, 91.1) | <0.01 |
| ADMA (μmol/L) | 0.59 (00.50, 0.70) | 0.54 (0.48, 0.65) | 0.57 (0.49, 0.68) | 0.61 (0.52, 0.74) | 0.61 (0.52, 0.74) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 91.0 (78.0, 99.0) | 96.0 (85.0, 103) | 90.0 (79.0, 99.0) | 89.0 (77.0, 98.0) | 87.0 (70.5, 97.5) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.92 (0.95, 3.98) | 2.18 (1.00, 4.28) | 1.82 (0.89, 3.91) | 1.82 (0.97, 3.66) | 1.97 (1.00, 3.77) | 0.40 |
Abbreviations: ApoA-1 apolipoprotein A-1, BCA baseline coronary angiography, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, Lp(a) lipoprotein(a), PCI percutanous coronary intervention, wt% percentage by weight
aMedian (range)
bMedian linear regression for continuous and logistic regression for categorical variables
cCount (percentage) for all such values
dMedian (25th, 75th percentile) for all such values