Table 1.

Natural animal models of AD

Model	Lifespan	Neuropathology	Reference
Naked mole-rat	28–32 years	Decreased Tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β accumulation starting at 3 months of age	[38, 76]
Mouse lemur	10–15 years	Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles present in cortex at 9 years of age, and hippocampus at 10 years. Procedural memory is normal, but executive function is altered at 7–11 years	[79, 94]
Octodon degus	10–12 years	Amyloid-β oligomers are present at 6 months, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles starting at 6 years of age. Synaptic dysfunction occurs prior to the detection of plaques and tangles	[2, 3, 55]
Guinea pig	5–8 years	Amyloid-β deposition and Tau phosphorylation present in frontal cortex at 4 years of age	[7]