Table 2.

Multiple linear regressions showing the association between each spatio-temporal gait parameters^* (dependent variable) and cognitive status (independent variable) adjusted on participant’s characteristics (n=1719)

	MCI		Dementia
	Amnestic β [95%CI] (P-value)	Non-amnestic β [95%CI] (P-value)	Mild		Moderate
			AD β [95%CI] (P-value)	Non-AD β [95%CI] (P-value)	AD β [95%CI] (P-value)	Non-AD β [95%CI] (P-value)
Walking speed	−4.70 [−8.65; −0.75] (0.020)	−8.97 [−11.65; −6.29] (<0.001)	−13.54 [−17.28; −9.79] (<0.001)	−16.23 [−20.50; −11.96] (<0.001)	−17.76 [−21.73; −13.79] (<0.001)	−23.32 [−28.14; −18.50] (<0.001)
Stride length
Mean value	−3.19 [−6.66;0.28] (0.072)	−7.65 [−10.00; −5.30] (<0.001)	−11.16 [−14.45; −7.87] (<0.001)	−14.85 [−18.56; −11.10] (<0.001)	−17.09 [−20.56; −13.60] (<0.001)	−22.88 [−27.11; −18.65] (<0.001)
Cov	0.30 [−0.27;0.86] (0.301)	0.78 [0.40;1.16] (<0.001)	1.29 [0.76;1.82] (<0.001)	2.26 [1.65;1.87] (<0.001)	2.57 [2.01;3.14] (<0.001)	2.78 [2.09;3.46] (<0.001)
Stride time
Mean value	0.03 [0.00;0.06] (0.050)	0.04 [0.02;0.06] (0.001)	0.06 [0.03;0.09] (<0.001)	0.06 [0.02;0.09] (0.001)	0.06 [0.02;0.09] (<0.001)	0.09 [0.05;0.013] (<0.001)
Cov	0.43 [−0.11;0.96] (0.115)	0.83 [0.47;1.19] (<0.001)	1.06 [0.55;1.56] (<0.001)	1.31 [0.73;1.89] (<0.001)	1.75 [1.21;2.28] (<0.001)	2.07 [1.42;2.72] (<0.001)
Swing time
Mean value	0.01 [−0.00;0.02] (0.112)	0.01 [−0.00;.0.01] (0.128)	0.01 [0.00;0.02] (0.007)	0.00 [−0.01;0.01] (0.586)	0.00 [−0.00;0.02] (0.977)	0.00 [−0.01;0.02] (0.559)
Cov	0.40 [−0.78;1.57] (0.507)	0.089 [0.09;1.68] (0.028)	1.70 [0.59;2.81] (0.003)	1.43 [0.17;2.70] (0.027)	3.35 [2.17;4.52] (<0.001)	3.61 [2.18;50.4] (<0.001)
Stance time
Mean value	0.02 [−0.00;0.05] (0.064)	0.03 [0.01;0.05] (<0.001)	0.04 [0.02;0.07] (<0.001)	0.06 [0.03;0.08] (<0.001)	0.06 [0.03;0.08] (<0.001)	0.09 [0.06;0.12] (<0.001)
Cov	0.61 [0.03;1.20] (0.039)	1.08 [0.69;1.48] (<0.001)	0.97 [0.42;1.52] (0.001)	1.57 [0.94;2.20] (<0.001)	1.48 [0.89;2.06] (<0.001)	2.34 [1.63;3.05] (<0.001)
Single support time
Mean value	0.01 [−0.00;0.02] (0.100)	0.01 [−0.00;0.01] (0.122)	0.01 [0.00;0.02] (0.007)	0.00 [−0.01;0.01] (0.579)	0.00 [−0.01;0.01] (0.873)	0.00 [−0.01;0.02] (0.480)
Cov	0.33 [−0.82;1.49] (0.569)	0.87 [0.09;1.65] (0.029)	1.66 [0.56;2.75] (0.003)	1.38 [0.13;2.62] (0.030)	3.12 [1.97;4.28] (<0.001)	3.45 [20.5;4.86] (<0.001)
Double support time
Mean value	0.02 [−0.01;0.04] (0.132)	0.03 [0.02;0.06] (<0.001)	0.04 [0.02;0.06] (<0.001)	0.05 [0.03;0.08] (<0.001)	0.06 [0.04;0.08] (<0.001)	0.09 [0.06;0.11] (<0.001)
Cov	0.54 [−0.43;1.51] (0.276)	1.37 [0.71;2.02] (<0.001)	2.14 [1.22;30.6] (<0.001)	2.02 [0.98;3.07] (<0.001)	3.20 [2.22;4.17] (<0.001)	2.90 [1.72;4.08] (<0.001)
Stride width
Mean value	0.12 [−0.54;0.78] (0.724)	0.35 [−0.10;0.80] (0.122)	0.13 [−0.49;0.76] (0.676)	1.36 [0.64;2.07] (<0.001)	1.02 [0.36;1.68] (0.003)	1.68 [0.88;2.49] (<0.001)
Cov	0.64 [−2.43;3.72] (0.682)	−0.72 [−2.81;1.37] (0.499)	−0.90 [−3.82;2.01] (0.544)	−4.10 [−7.42; −0.77] (0.016)	−3.14 [−6.23; −0.05] (0.046)	−5.32 [−9.08; −1.58] (0.005)
Stride velocity
Mean value	−4.54 [−8.53; −0.56] (0.025)	−8.87 [−11.56; −6.16] (<0.001)	−13.40 [−17.17; −9.62] (<0.001)	−16.04 [−20.34; −11.73] (<0.001)	−17.62 [−21.62; −13.62] (<0.001)	−23.19 [−28.05; −18.33] (<0.001)
Cov	0.73 [0.13;1.34] (0.018)	1.18 [0.77;1.59] (<0.001)	1.73 [1.16;2.31] (<0.001)	2.79 [2.14;3.45] (<0.001)	2.85 [2.25;3.46] (<0.001)	3.38 [2.64;4.12] (<0.001)

CHI cognitively healthy individuals; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; CoV: coefficient of variation; CI: confidence interval;

^*separated model for each gait parameter with each model adjusted on age, gender, number of drugs taken per day, body mass index, use of psychoactive drugs, depression symptoms and history of falls; β: coefficient of regression indicating a decrease or increase in value of gait parameter associated with cognitive decline, the reference group being cognitively healthy individuals; P-value significant (i.e., P < 0.05) indicated in bold.