Table 4.
CHIP-CE parent/carer scores by study group
| Domain | Study groupa | Unadjusted mean score (SD) | Adjusted mean scoreb (SE) | 95 % confidence intervalc | MANCOVA | Effect size (δ) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F test | df | P value | ADHD vs Control | ADHD vs T1DM | ||||||
| Satisfaction | ADHD | 32.9 (16.3) | 34.2 (1.3) | 31.6, 36.8 | 8.7 | 2, 311 | <0.001 | ADHD < Control, T1DM | 0.68 | 0.81 |
| T1DM | 44.1 (11.5) | 45.5 (2.9) | 39.8, 51.2 | |||||||
| Control | 44.1 (16.7) | 41.1 (1.9) | 37.3, 44.8 | |||||||
| Comfort | ADHD | 42.5 (13.5) | 42.4 (1.0) | 40.4, 44.4 | 19.9 | 2, 311 | <0.001 | ADHD < Control, T1DM | 0.93 | 0.76 |
| T1DM | 51.3 (9.7) | 51.0 (2.3) | 46.4, 55.5 | |||||||
| Control | 53.5 (10.3) | 53.7 (1.5) | 50.7, 56.7 | |||||||
| Resilience | ADHD | 37.7 (14.7) | 38.9 (1.1) | 36.7, 41.0 | 3.8 | 2, 311 | 0.022 | ADHD < Control, T1DM | 0.62 | 0.46 |
| T1DM | 43.6 (11.2) | 44.7 (2.4) | 40.0, 49.4 | |||||||
| Control | 45.7 (11.0) | 43.0 (1.6) | 39.9, 46.1 | |||||||
| Risk avoidance | ADHD | 28.7 (15.5) | 28.5 (1.1) | 26.3, 30.6 | 79.0 | 2, 311 | <0.001 | ADHD < Control, T1DM | 1.88 | 1.84 |
| T1DM | 49.7 (8.2) | 48.8 (2.4) | 44.0, 53.6 | |||||||
| Control | 50.7 (8.9) | 51.5 (1.6) | 48.3, 54.7 | |||||||
| Achievement | ADHD | 31.8 (12.0) | 32.2 (0.9) | 30.5, 34.0 | 73.5 | 2, 311 | <0.001 | ADHD < Control, T1DM | 1.96 | 1.57 |
| T1DM | 48.7 (9.9) | 48.7 (2.0) | 44.8, 52.5 | |||||||
| Control | 50.7 (7.8) | 50.0 (1.3) | 47.3, 52.5 | |||||||
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, CHIP-CE Child Health and Illness Profile–child edition, df degrees of freedom, MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance, SD standard deviation, SE standard error, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus
a n = 173 in ADHD group, n = 42 in T1DM group and n = 100 in control group
bAdjusted for age and socioeconomic status
cFor adjusted mean score