Table 2.
Reported staging performance of conventional and novel imaging methods in endometrial cancer
| Imaging method | Deep myometrial invasion | Cervical stroma invasion | Metastatic lymph nodes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sens. (%) | Spec. (%) | Acc. (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Sens. (%) | Spec. (%) | Acc. (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Sens. (%) | Spec. (%) | Acc. (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | |
| TVU [33, 34, 35•, 36, 37] | 71–85 | 72–90 | 72–84 | 51–79 | 83–88 | 29–93 | 92–94 | 78–92 | 48–72 | 82–98 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 3D TVU [38] | 93 | 83 | 85 | 68 | 97 | 88 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| CE CT [6, 39]a | 40–100 | 67–100 | NR | NR | NR | 47–71 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | 29 | 100 | 79 | NR | NR |
| CE MRI [37, 40, 41] | 33–100 | 44–100 | 58–100 | 51–60 | 68–89 | 33–69 | 82–96 | 46–89 | 36–63 | 85–94 | 17–80 | 88–100 | 83–93 | 38–100 | 88–97 |
| DW MRI [8, 40] | 63–100 | 56–100 | 74–98 | 59–89 | 69–76 | 44–56 | 92–96 | 86–88 | 56–64 | 90–92 | 38–86 | 92–97 | 87–94 | 46–63 | 92 |
| USPIO MRI [42] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 91–100 | 87–94 | 88–95 | 71–82 | 82–88 |
| FDG PET-CT [7•, 37, 43] | 93 | 49 | 61 | 41 | 95 | 25–43 | 74–94 | 66–83 | 49–69 | 85–86 | 63–85 | 91–96 | 89–93 | 59–76 | 96–98 |
Acc. accuracy, CE contrast enhanced, CT computed tomography, DW diffusion weighted, FDG fluorodeoxyglucose, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NPV negative predictive value, NR not reported, PET positron emission tomography, PPV positive predictive value, Sens. sensitivity, Spec. specificity, TVU transvaginal ultrasound, USPIO ultrasmall particles of iron oxide
aData for myometrial invasion and cervical stroma invasion apply to the 1988 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging system