Table 1.
Demographic data and clinical characteristics at baseline 6–8 weeks after mild traumatic brain injury.
| Variable | Total | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Preinjury factors | ||
| Age, years1 | 151 | 32 [16, 55] |
| Sex, men | 151 | 92 (61%) |
| Single | 77 (51%) | |
| Higher education >13 years | 150 | 64 (43%) |
| Employment status | 150 | |
| Full time | 112 (75%) | |
| Part-time | 5 (3%) | |
| Unemployed | 9 (6%) | |
| Student | 24 (16%) | |
| Have been sick-listed the last year before injury | 151 | 69 (46%) |
| Injury-related factors | ||
| Cause of injury | 151 | |
| Traffic accident | 44 (29%) | |
| Fall | 56 (37%) | |
| Assault | 27 (18%) | |
| Sports injury and others | 24 (16%) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)1,2 | 151 | 15 [13, 15] |
| GCS 13 | 8 (5%) | |
| GCS 14 | 31 (21%) | |
| GCS 15 | 112 (74%) | |
| PTA > 1 hour | 142 | 39 (27%) |
| Radiological examination2 | ||
| Intracranial injury (CT scan) | 151 | 41 (27%) |
| Skull fracture | 151 | 22 (15%) |
| Postinjury factors | ||
| The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) | ||
| Number of symptoms (0–16)1 | 151 | 8 [0, 16] |
| The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) | ||
| Total score (0–42)1 | 143 | 10 [0, 30] |
| HAD anxiety (0–21)1 | 143 | 7 [0, 19] |
| HAD depression (0–21)1 | 143 | 4 [0, 14] |
| Posttraumatic stress (PTSS-10)1 | 150 | 24 [6, 68] |
| Expectation of favourable outcome | 149 | 105 (70%) |
| Subjective health complaints (SHC)1 | 151 | 10 [0, 29] |
| Widespread pain (numbers of painful body areas)1 | 149 | 2 [0, 8] |
| Headache (NRS)1 | 148 | 4 [0, 10] |
| Neck pain (NRS)1 | 148 | 4 [0, 10] |
| Low back pain (NRS)1 | 146 | 2 [0, 10] |
| Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) | 149 | |
| Severe and moderate disability (GOSE < 6) | 22 (15%) | |
| Moderate disability (GOSE = 6) | 100 (67%) | |
| Good recovery (GOSE > 6) | 27 (18%) | |
| Sick-listed at 2 months (baseline) | 151 | 85 (56%) |
| Sick-listed at 12 months after injury | 151 | 52 (34%) |
1Median [min, max].
2Measured at time of injury.