Table 2.
Unadjusted models | Fully adjusted model, N = 135 | Final model, N = 141 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | OR | CI (95%) | P value | OR | CI (95%) | P value | OR | CI (95%) | P value | |
Preinjury factors | ||||||||||
Age | 151 | 1.03 | (1.0, 1.1) | 0.061 | 0.98 | (0.9, 1.0) | 0.410 | |||
Sex | 151 | 1.39 | (0.7, 2.7) | 0.347 | 0.77 | (0.2, 2.8) | 0.693 | |||
Have been sick-listed the last year before injury | 151 | 6.90 | (3.2, 14.8) | <0.001 | 8.48 | (2.6, 27.9) | <0.001 | 7.29 | (2.6, 20.3) | <0.001 |
Injury-related factor | ||||||||||
Intracranial injury (CT scan) | 151 | 1.38 | (0.6, 3.0) | 0.415 | 1.46 | (0.4, 5.3) | 0.568 | |||
Postinjury factors | ||||||||||
Postconcussion symptoms (RPQ) | 151 | 1.07 | (1.0, 1.1) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (0.9, 1.4) | 0.512 | |||
Posttraumatic stress (PTSS-10) | 150 | 1.06 | (1.0, 1.1) | <0.001 | 0.96 | (0.9, 1.0) | 0.331 | |||
Anxiety and depression (HAD) | 143 | 1.14 | (1.0, 1.2) | <0.001 | 1.16 | (1.0, 1.3) | 0.035 | 1.14 | (1.1, 1.2) | <0.001 |
Expectation of favourable outcome | 149 | 2.28 | (1.1, 4.7) | 0.026 | 0.61 | (0.1, 3.2) | 0.554 | |||
Subjective health complaints (SHC) | 151 | 1.08 | (1.0, 1.1) | <0.001 | 1.01 | (0.9, 1.2) | 0.883 | |||
Widespread pain (numbers of painful body areas) | 149 | 1.35 | (1.1, 1.7) | 0.003 | 0.83 | (0.5, 1.3) | 0.379 | |||
Headache (NRS) | 148 | 1.20 | (1.1, 1.4) | 0.004 | 0.90 | (0.7, 1.2) | 0.463 | |||
Neck pain (NRS) | 148 | 1.29 | (1.1, 1.5) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (0.8, 1.4) | 0.577 | |||
Low back pain (NRS) | 146 | 1.19 | (1.1, 1.3) | 0.005 | 1.15 | (0.9, 1.5) | 0.280 | |||
Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) | 149 | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.034 | ||||||
Severe and moderate disability (GOSE < 6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Moderate disability (GOSE = 6) | 0.32 | (0.1, 0.8) | 0.17 | (0.0, 0.7) | 0.24 | (0.1, 0.9) | ||||
Good recovery (GOSE > 6) | 0.05 | (0.0, 0.2) | 0.03 | (0.0, 0.5) | 0.06 | (0.0, 0.6) | ||||
Sick-listed at 2 months (baseline) | 151 | 7.78 | (3.3, 18.3) | <0.001 | 10.16 | (2.6, 40.0) | 0.001 | 6.84 | (2.3, 19.9) | <0.001 |
Significance: P < 0.05 marked bold.