Table 5.

Studies reporting occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in children.

Article	Youngest AGE at onset of any DR (years)	Shortest DURATION of DM at onset of any DR (years)	Youngest AGE at onset of pre-proliferative* or proliferative DR (years)	Shortest DURATION of DM at onset of pre-proliferative* or proliferative DR (years)
Kubin et al. 2011	8	1.7	None	None
Kernell et al. 1997	9.5	1.5	PDR at 21.5	PDR at 9.5
Palmberg et al. 1981	> 20	< 1 yr (in a 29 year old patient)	1 case of DR requiring laser after age 20	13
Donaghue et al. 1997	8	1.2	None	None
Holl et al. 1998	5.5	2.2	1 case of DR requiring laser, age not reported	Not reported
Kullberg et al. 2002	> 9	Not reported; ranged 6 to 13 in study	> 18 yrs	Not reported; ranged 6 to 13
Minuto et al. 2012	Not reported	Not reported	1 case of DR requiring laser, age not reported	Not reported
Maguire et al. 2005	< 11	Not reported	None	None
WESDR II (Klein et al. 1984)	≤ 9	1	PDR 15–19	PDR at 5 to 6
WDRS (1990–2002) (Lecaire et al. 2006)	≤ 9	≤ 4	Not reported	PDR at ≤ 7 yrs
Falck et al. 1996	11.5	1.3	Severe NPDR 18.8; no PDR	Severe NPDR 5.5; no PDR
Mayer-Davis et al. 2012	Not reported	Not reported	One case of PDR in child with type 2 DM, age not reported	Not reported

^*Pre-proliferative retinopathy defined as severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy