Table 1. Materials used in this study.
| Brand name | Manufacturer | Batch number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal ceramic Co-Cr alloy | Heraenium Pw | Heraeus-Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany | 13118 |
| Metal conditioner | HeraCeram NP primer | Heraeus-Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany | 10011 |
| Initial IN-Metalbond | GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium | 201112151 | |
| Porcelain | Heraceram Opaque | Heraeus-Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany | 10011 |
| Heraceram Dentin | Heraeus-Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany | 56108 |