Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Statistic | All subjects | <19 years old | ≥19 years old | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | N | 408 | 255 | 153 | |
| Age at Fontan 2 enrollment, years | Mean±SD | 18.5 ± 3.4 | 16.2 ± 1.6 | 22.3 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 17.9 (15.6, 21.2) | 16.1 (14.8, 17.7) | 22.3 (20.6, 23.8) | <0.001 | |
| Male, % | N (%) | 237 (58%) | 153 (60%) | 84 (55%) | 0.35 |
| Race | N (%) | 0.003 | |||
| White | 329 (81%) | 193 (76%) | 136 (89%) | ||
| Black | 40 (10%) | 30 (12%) | 10 (7%) | ||
| Asian | 11 (3%) | 11 (4%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Other | 26 (6%) | 19 (8%) | 7 (5%) | ||
| Hispanic, %yes | N (%) | 24 (6%) | 16 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 0.67 |
| Ventricular morphology | N (%) | 0.07 | |||
| Left | 206 (50%) | 121 (47%) | 85 (56%) | ||
| Right | 132 (32%) | 93 (36%) | 39 (25%) | ||
| Mixed | 70 (17%) | 41 (16%) | 29 (19%) | ||
| Fontan surgery type | N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Atriopulmonary Connection | 54 (13%) | 11 (4%) | 43 (28%) | ||
| TCPC Intracardiac Lateral Tunnel | 239 (59%) | 151 (59%) | 88 (58%) | ||
| TCPC Extracardiac Conduit | 104 (25%) | 89 (35%) | 15 (10%) | ||
| Other | 11 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 7 (5%) | ||
| Age at most recent Fontan, years | Mean±SD | 3.8 ± 3.3 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.9 (2.1, 4.3) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.7) | 3.5 (2.4, 5.5) | <0.001 | |
| Maternal education level† | N (%) | 0.94 | |||
| Some high school or less | 21 (6%) | 15 (7%) | 6 (5%) | ||
| High school graduate or GED | 76 (23%) | 46 (23%) | 30 (23%) | ||
| Vocational school, some college or 2 year degree | 105 (32%) | 58 (28%) | 47 (36%) | ||
| 4 year college graduate | 88 (26%) | 59 (29%) | 29 (22%) | ||
| Graduate degree | 43 (13%) | 26 (13%) | 17 (13%) | ||
| Household income† | N (%) | 0.65 | |||
| < $20,000 | 42 (12%) | 26 (12%) | 16 (12%) | ||
| $20,000 – 39,999 | 59 (17%) | 38 (18%) | 21 (15%) | ||
| $40,000 – 59,999 | 51 (14%) | 35 (16%) | 16 (12%) | ||
| $60,000 – 79,999 | 53 (15%) | 28 (13%) | 25 (18%) | ||
| $80,000 – 99,999 | 57 (16%) | 33 (15%) | 24 (18%) | ||
| > $100,000 | 91 (26%) | 57 (26%) | 34 (25%) | ||
*
P value comparing subjects <19 years old to those ≥19. P is from Student’s t-test for means, Wilcoxon ranked-sum test for medians, or Fisher Exact Test for frequencies.