Table 2.

Daily Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake in Oligo-amenorrheic Athletes (OA), Eumenorrheic Athletes (EA) and Non-athletes (NA)

	OA (n=68) Mean±SD	EA (n=24) Mean±SD	NA (n=26) Mean±SD	ANOVA p-value
Macronutrient Intake
Total caloric intake (kcal)	2206 ± 717	1918 ± 626	1874 ± 426	0.13*
Carbohydrates (g)	296.5 ± 95.6	266.9 ± 91.3	249.4 ± 63.8	0.1
Protein (g)	96.5 ± 37.4	76.4 ± 25.3	71.9 ±19.1	0.001A,B
Animal protein (g)	50.5 ± 29.0	44.5 ± 20.9	45.1 ± 15.6	0.76
Vegetable protein (g)	45.6 ± 19.2	31.9 ± 12.9	26.8 ± 8.8	<0.0001*A,B
Fat (g)	77.7 ± 35.6	65.5 ± 24.4	66.7 ± 21.6	0.34
% of total energy from saturated fat	8.6 ± 2.6	9.8 ± 2.2	10.6 ± 2.6	0.002B
% of total energy from mono-unsaturated fat	11.8±3.4	10.8±1.7	11.3±2.7	0.37
% of total energy from poly-unsaturated fat	7.3±2.4	6.8±1.6	6.4±1.8	0.15
Dietary fiber (g)	34.8 ± 15.3	22.5 ± 11.7	17.3 ± 6.6	<0.0001*A,B
Insoluble fiber (g)	25.4 ± 12.3	15.8 ± 9.1	11.4 ± 5.6	<0.0001A,B
Soluble fiber (g)	8.8 ± 3.5	6.5 ± 2.8	4.8 ± 1.8	<0.0001A,B
Pectin (mg)	4.93±2.62	3.01±1.49	2.27±0.92	<0.0001A,B
Micronutrient Intake
Calcium (mg)	1595 ± 781	1218 ± 709	943 ± 394	0.0002B
Phosphorous (mg)	1597 ± 567	1243 ± 463	1149 ± 336	0.0002A,B
Magnesium (mg)	499 ± 220	314 ± 122	273 ± 86	<0.0001A,B
Vitamin D (mcg)	16.6 ± 16.7	8.4 ± 7.2	7.5 ± 7.2	0.004A,B
Phytic acid (mg)	1276 ± 621	621 ± 384	700 ± 370	<0.0001*A,B
Oxalic acid (mg)	541 ± 539	336 ± 263	247 ± 288	<0.0001*B
Daidzein (mg)	5.85 ± 8.02	1.97 ± 4.82	0.99 ± 2.89	0.0002B
Genistein (mg)	7.41 ± 10.09	2.72 ± 6.65	1.41 ± 4.22	0.003B

^Ap<0.05 for OA vs. EA;

^Bp<0.05 for OA vs. NA;

^Cp<0.05 for EA vs. NA

OA: oligo-amenorrheic athletes; EA: eumenorrheic athletes; NA: non-athletes

Data presented as mean±SD. Significant p-values are bolded

ANOVA used for 3 groups comparisons followed by Tukey-Kramer test when ANOVA was significant

^*Values not normally distributed were compared by Kruskal Wallis Test, followed by Steel Dwass test.