FIGURE 1.
Chloroplast with its electron transport chain and selected transporters in the thylakoid membrane. Transport directions are shown for chloroplasts in the light. The K+/H+ antiporter KEA3 and the Potassium Channel TPK3 are confirmed thylakoid membrane K+ transporters. The molecular identity of Ca2+ and Mg2+ transporters has not been determined and the localization and transport activity of the CLCe channel is uncertain. Both is indicated by question marks. The black dashed line indicates linear electron transport in the thylakoid membrane. Ratios and dimensions of the protein complexes involved in the electron transport chain are schematic and do not reflect physiological conditions.