Figure 1.

Simplified model of functional circuitries of basal ganglia. The figure illustrates considerable overlap of neuronal pathways subserving three different functions targeted in the review. For more detailed model of cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems contributing to motor skill learning see for example Doyon et al. (2003); for basal ganglia functional organization in Parkinson’s disease (PD) see Blandini et al. (2000) or Obeso et al. (2008); for basal ganglia motivational loop see Ikemoto et al. (2015). Abbreviations: BG, basal ganglia; Th, thalamus; Am, amygdala; PFC, prefrontal cortex; MC, motor cortex; PC, parietal cortex; Crbl, cerebellum.