Table 2.

Examples of tissue functions under circadian control.

Tissue	Main pathways (examples of central genes under circadian control)	References
Liver	Gluconeogenesis (Pepck, Sirt1, Pgc-1α, Foxo1, Torc2, Shp) Glycolysis (Pgc-1α, Sirt1, Pfkm, Pklr) Glycogen synthesis (Gck, Gsk3β) Glycogenolysis (Pygl, G6pc) Fatty acid β-oxidation (Cpt1, Pgc-1α) Cholesterol synthesis (HmgCoAR, Fxr, Lxrα, Srebp-1c) Lipogenesis (Acac, Fasn) Ketogenesis (Foxa 2, Hmg-CoA) Synthesis of urea (Otc, Arg1, Cps1, Ass1, Asl) Synthesis of bile acids (Cyp27a1, Fgfr4, etc (See references.)) Xenobiotic metabolism (Car)	[123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135]
Heart	β-oxidation (Mcad, Lcad, Hadhα) Krebs cycle (Cs, Idh, Ogdh) Blood circulation (Agt) Angiogenesis (Vegfa, Flt1, Kdr)	[14], [136], [137]
Skeletal muscle	Glycolysis (Pgc-1α – Sirt1, Hk, Pfkm, Pkm) Glycogen synthesis (Hk, Gsk3β) Glycogenolysis (Pygm, G6pc) Fatty acid β-oxidation (Cpt1, Pgc-1α)	[126], [138], [139]
Kidneys	Renal sodium balance and electrolyte reabsorption (Usp2, Gilz, Slc2a9)	[140]
White adipose tissue	Fatty acid esterification (Fas) Lipolysis (Hsl) Lipogenesis and adipogenesis (Acac, Fasn, Pparγ, Rev-erbα, C/ebp)	[141]