Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of T1D at-risk subjects.
| ID | Agea | Genderb | HLA genotype | Risk factor | ZnT8c | IAAd | GADAe | IA2Af |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R01 | 12,65 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202) + DQ8 | coeliac disease familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,1 | 0,25 | 0,11 |
| R02 | 9,22 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*02) | coeliac disease | 77,99 | 0,00 | 1,13 | 0,00 |
| R03 | 4,08 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*02) | coeliac disease | 0,00 | 0,51 | 4,10 | 0,90 |
| R04 | 5,61 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 45,50 | – | – | – |
| R05 | 18,89 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202) | occasional hyperglycemia | 30,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | - |
| R06 | 15,18 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 3,00 | 0,3 | 0,47 | 0,23 |
| R07 | 4,94 | F | DR4 + DQ8 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 1,52 | 22,00 | 13,80 |
| R08 | 8,61 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*02) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 56,80 | – | – | – |
| R09 | 4,91 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*02) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 69,86 | – | - | – |
| R10 | 4,76 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,03 | 0,16 | 0,27 |
| R11 | 9,71 | F | – | coeliac disease | 0,00 | 0,1 | 0,09 | 1,56 |
| R12 | 8,15 | M | low risk | T1D familiarity (brother) | 39,40 | 0,4 | 0,25 | 0,44 |
| R13 | 5,31 | M | – | coeliac disease | 0,00 | – | – | – |
| R14 | 5,24 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) + DQ8 | coeliac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis | 39,99 | 5,98 | 54,70 | 0,32 |
| R15 | 1,92 | M | – | suspected coeliac disease | 14,00 | 0,1 | 0,01 | 0,03 |
| R16 | 7,16 | F | DR3 | occasional hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance | 50,30 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 1,00 |
| R18 | 7,03 | M | DQ8 (DQB1*0302) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | – | – | – |
| R19 | 13,16 | F | – | coeliac disease, occasional hyperglycemia | 0,00 | – | – | – |
| R20 | 8,33 | M | – | coeliac disease | 92,33 | 2,80 | 0,31 | 0,11 |
| R21 | 6,50 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 14,22 | 0,02 | 0,1 | 0,21 |
| R22 | 7,97 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*05-DQB1*02) | coeliac disease, hyperthyrotropinemia, occasional hyperglycemia | 46,44 | – | 0,00 | 1,64 |
| R23 | 12,87 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*05-DQB1*02) | coeliac disease | 0,00 | 0,04 | 1,00 | 0,91 |
| R24 | 5,74 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202) | coeliac disease, occasional hyperglycemia | 56,16 | 0,02 | 1,22 | 1,00 |
| R25 | 8,28 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202) | coeliac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis | 93,48 | – | – | – |
| R26 | 6,32 | F | DQ2 | autoimmune thyroiditis | 63,45 | – | 4,57 | – |
| R27 | 7,18 | M | DR3 + DR4 + DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/030503) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 74,30 | 0,52 | 1,16 | 0,10 |
| R29 | 14,65 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | coeliac disease, vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis familiarity | 93,54 | – | – | – |
| R30 | – | F | – | T1D familiarity (brother) | 30,00 | – | – | – |
| R31 | 12,92 | M | low risk | T1D familiarity (brother) | 47,62 | 0,02 | 0,25 | 0,53 |
| R32 | 8,03 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 8,00 | 0,09 | 4,93 | 0,23 |
| R33 | 15,12 | M | DR3 + DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 22,36 | – | – | – |
| R34 | 5,09 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) + DQ8 | coeliac disease | 33,81 | 8,66 | 33,77 | 13,51 |
| R35 | 8,12 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*05- DQB1*02) + DR3 + DR4 | coeliac disease | 0,00 | 1,10 | 39,10 | 7,00 |
| R36 | 3,97 | M | DQ8 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 30,00 | – | – | – |
| R37 | 12,11 | M | low risk | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R38 | 7,83 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0202) | occasional hyperglycemia | 63,36 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R40 | 11,83 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0501/0201-DQB1*0202/0201) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 71,39 | 9,13 | 18,90 | 19,05 |
| R41 | 17,87 | M | – | coeliac disease | 30,00 | – | – | – |
| R43 | 10,40 | M | DQ8 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*0302) | T1D familiarity (brother) | – | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R45 | 14,17 | F | low risk | occasional hyperglycemia | 30,00 | 0,00 | 2,00 | 0,80 |
| R46 | 13,48 | M | – | occasional hyperglycemia, obesity, T2D familiarity | 34,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,88 |
| R47 | 4,82 | F | DR7/DR4 + DQ8 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*030503) | T1D familiarity (brother) | 86,14 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R48 | 11,86 | F | DQ2 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 30,00 | 0,00 | 1.132,00 | 0,00 |
| R49 | 11,00 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*0201-DQB1*02) | coeliac disease, impaired glucose tolerance | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R50 | 14,15 | M | DQ8 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R52 | 9,12 | M | DQ2/DQ8 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 1.532,05 | 0,90 | 0,33 | 1,00 |
| R53 | 10,02 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*05-DQB1*02) + DQ8 (DQB1*0302) | TAG, occasional hyperglycemia | 41,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R54 | 14,06 | F | DQ2 | T1D familiarity (father), coeliac and Grave’s disease familiarity (sister) | 150,75 | 1,82 | 3,12 | 1,70 |
| R55 | 11,41 | F | DQ2/DQ8 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,20 | 0,52 | 1,20 |
| R56 | 9,84 | M | DQ8 | coeliac disease | 0,00 | 9,13 | 3,46 | 0,16 |
| R57 | 9,99 | M | DQ2 | occasional hyperglycemia | 30,50 | 0,14 | 23,02 | 4,73 |
| R58 | 7,36 | F | DQ2 | T1D familiarity (brother) | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,29 | 0,18 |
| R59 | 13,64 | M | DQ2 (DQA1*05-DQB1*02) + DQ8 (DQB1*0302) | T1D familiarity (brother) | – | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
| R60 | 5,75 | F | DQ2 (DQA1*05-DQB1*02) + DQ8 (DQB1*0302) | T1D familiarity (brother) | – | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
ID of subjects who progressed to T1D are highlighted by bold characters; subjects with a high T1D risk conferred by the classical Abs status developed upon follow-up analyses are marked by italics. Age and Abs levels are representative for the initial blood collection when multiple time-point samples were available.
aAge at blood collection.
bF: females, M: males.
cPositive when >30 U/mL.
dPositive when >0.4 U/mL.
ePositive when >0.9 U/mL.
fPositive when >0.75 U/mL. Positive Abs values are shown in bold. Hyphens indicate no measurements performed.