Table 2. Limitations and disability among 2011 NHATS community-dwelling residents.
| Community residence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile homes (n = 344) | Other residence (n = 7265) | Unadjusted p-valuea | Adjusted p-valueb | |
| Limitations | ||||
| Health limits ability to work | 29 (8.5) | 513 (7.1) | 0.33 | 0.31 |
| Self-reported pain limiting activities | 0.26 | 0.19 | ||
| None | 146 (42.4) | 3352 (46.2) | ||
| Pain not limiting activities | 82 (23.8) | 1743 (24.0) | ||
| Pain limiting activities | 116 (33.7) | 2162 (29.8) | ||
| Uses mobility devices vs no use | ||||
| Cane | 66 (72.5) | 1536 (68.9) | 0.46 | 0.78 |
| Walker | 44 (48.4) | 1102 (49.4) | 0.85 | 0.62 |
| Wheelchair | 25 (27.5) | 572 (25.6) | 0.69 | 0.53 |
| Scooter | 10 (11.0) | 186 (8.3) | 0.34 | 0.68 |
| Self-reported disabilityc | 0.058 | 0.004 | ||
| None | 186 (54.7) | 4168 (58.8) | ||
| 1–3 | 107 (31.5) | 1820 (25.7) | ||
| 4–10 | 47 (13.8) | 1097 (15.5) | ||
| Any reported disabilityd | 154 (45.3) | 2917 (41.2) | 0.13 | 0.003 |
| Disability characteristics | ||||
| Inability/difficulty in performing physical tasks | ||||
| Reach overhead/put heavy book on shelf | 59 (72.8) | 1230 (66.2) | 0.22 | 0.13 |
| Using fingers to grasp small objects | 24 (7.0) | 439 (6.0) | 0.47 | 0.26 |
| Bend down/get down on knees, and back up | 222 (64.9) | 4390 (60.8) | 0.13 | 0.007 |
| Walking 6 blocks | 158 (46.5) | 2990 (41.5) | 0.070 | 0.001 |
| Walk up to 20 stairs | 134 (39.2) | 2499 (34.8) | 0.10 | 0.002 |
| Walking 3 blockse | 129 (37.7) | 2427 (33.5) | 0.11 | 0.002 |
| Lift and carry 20 lbs | 116 (34.0) | 2635 (36.5) | 0.35 | 0.71 |
| Open a sealed jar | 106 (31.0) | 2236 (30.9) | 0.98 | 0.27 |
| Gets help/has difficulty in performing self-care activities (in the last month) | ||||
| Bathinge | 27 (7.9) | 668 (9.4) | 0.35 | 0.84 |
| Getting in and out of chair | 26 (7.6) | 568 (8.0) | 0.79 | 0.68 |
| Dressinge | 24 (7.0) | 548 (7.7) | 0.64 | 0.93 |
| Getting in and out of bede | 18 (5.3) | 466 (6.5) | 0.35 | 0.66 |
| Using the toilete | 13 (3.8) | 398 (5.6) | 0.16 | 0.35 |
| Needs help performing household activities | ||||
| Shopping for groceriese | 71 (20.6) | 1635 (23.0) | 0.32 | 0.86 |
| Managing moneye | 53 (15.4) | 1183 (16.6) | 0.56 | 0.75 |
| Making hot mealse | 46 (13.4) | 1044 (14.7) | 0.51 | 0.89 |
| Managing medicationse | 45 (13.1) | 909 (12.8) | 0.86 | 0.30 |
| Using telephonee | 25 (7.3) | 616 (8.7) | 0.37 | 0.71 |
| Difficulties with health or functioning | ||||
| Difficulty hearing despite using hearing aid | 17 (5.0) | 265 (3.7) | 0.22 | 0.10 |
| Difficulty seeing despite using glasses or contacts or vision aids | 28 (8.3) | 514 (7.1) | 0.37 | 0.16 |
| Difficulty swallowing or chewing food | 47 (13.7) | 693 (9.5) | 0.012 | 0.006 |
| Difficulty speaking or in making oneself understood | 24 (7.0) | 501 (6.9) | 0.96 | 0.72 |
| Cognitive assessments | ||||
| Self-rated memory | 0.092 | 0.07 | ||
| Excellent | 45 (13.7) | 819 (12.2) | ||
| Very good | 85 (25.9) | 2125 (31.7) | ||
| Good | 134 (40.9) | 2382 (35.6) | ||
| Fair/Poor | 64 (19.5) | 1368 (20.4) | ||
| Changes in thinking or memory interfere with daily activities (more than once a week) | 60 (30.3) | 1421 (37.9) | 0.21 | 0.33 |
| Date and day of week incorrect | 89 (26.3) | 1642 (23.5) | 0.24 | 0.052 |
| Word recall score (immediate and delayed) | 0.33 | 0.007 | ||
| Low (0–6) | 135 (40.8) | 2446 (36.5) | ||
| Medium (7–9) | 106 (32.0) | 2102 (31.3) | ||
| High (10–20) | 90 (27.2) | 2160 (32.2) | ||
| Clock-drawing test scoref | 0.33 | 0.47 | ||
| 0–1 | 15 (4.6) | 389 (5.9) | ||
| 2–5 | 311 (95.4) | 6203 (94.1) | ||
| Naming president (first and last names) | 0.034 | 0.01 | ||
| Correct | 141 (82.9) | 3760 (88.3) | ||
| Incorrect | 29 (17.1) | 496 (11.7) | ||
a
Unadjusted Pearson chi-square p-value.
b
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) chi-square p-value adjusted for age and gender.
c
The following 11 activities were used to compute the disability score: walking 3 blocks, getting in and out of bed, bathing, dressing, eating, using the toilet, preparing hot meals, shopping, money management, medication management and using the phone.23
d
Responded unable/need help in at least one of the 11 activities.
e
Activity used in the disability score.
f
Clock drawing scores: 2–5 points for a moderately accurate depiction, 1 for severely distorted and 0 if not recognizable as a clock.