Table 1. Data from 11 temporary research sites (TRSs) across West Africa where data were collected for 14–17 months between 2011 and 2014 to document the occurrence of chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing.
| TRS | Long | Lat | Size (km2) | Transect length (km) | Rock density (/km2) | Hollow tree density (/km2) | # of stone throws | # sites (hollow trees) | # sites behaviour recorded (hollow trees) | # of individuals | # of revisits at a site1 | Age-sex class | Stone throw variant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Côte d’Ivoire | Djouroutou | –7.28 | 5.37 | 35 | 35.0 | 1500 | 120.5* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Comoé GEPRENAF | –3.71 | 8.84 | 69 | 39.0 | 131,244 | 528.6 | 23 | 9 (2) | 3(2) | 4–6 | 1–6 | AM | H, B, T | |
| Taï R | –7.33 | 5.87 | 25 | 25.0 | 1640 | 103* | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Taï E | –7.31 | 5.89 | 25 | 30.0 | 350 | 86* | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Guinea | Bakoun | –12.5 | 11.9 | 48 | 40.0 | 59,325 | 700 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Sangaredi | –13.77 | 11.1 | 91 | 24.0 | 24,229 | NA | 3 | 10 (2) | 2(2) | 3 | 0 | AM, J | H, B/T§ | |
| Sobeya | –11.71 | 10.26 | 96 | 27.0 | 81,121 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Guinea Bissau | Boé | –14.22 | 11.75 | 56 | 43.8 | 99,189 | 251.1* | 33 | 28 (2) | 6(2) | 10–12 | 0–3 | AM, AF | H, T |
| Liberia | Mt. Nimba | –8.49 | 7.22 | 25 | 25.0 | 520,800 | 120 | 5 | 14 (1) | 2(0) | 2 | 1–3 | AM | H |
| Sapo | –8.41 | 5.41 | 20 | 15.0 | 0 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Senegal | Kayan | –12.29 | 13.18 | 75 | 29.0 | 308,603 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Size refers to data collection area. #of individuals refers to number of unique individuals observed to perform the behaviour. For cases where identity could not be confirmed we state a range. AM-adult male, J-juvenile, AF-adult female. H-hurl, B-bang, T-toss variant of accumulative stone throwing behaviour.
1Only revisits by individuals that could be clearly identified are included; therefore this is likely to be an underestimate.
*Data from habitat plots not transects (see Methods).
§Observation of a juvenile (see also Supplementary Movie 6).