Figure 5. The CXCR5-CXCL13 axis regulates the directional migration of CD40⁺ MDSC towards MFC cancer cells.

The migration behavior of MDSC isolated from WT or KO mice towards MFC were examined using transwell migration assays in the absence or presence of CXCL13 at the indicated concentrations. As a baseline control, 10% RPMI medium was used. a. Representative microscope images of crystal violet stained migrated cells (200 ×). b. Cell migration quantification under different conditions. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with WT MDSC under the same migration conditions.