Table 1.

Preclinical studies on role of detraining in tendon mechanobiology.

Experimental	Type of tendon	Control group	Training protocol	Detraining protocol	Analysis	Main results	Referenceset-up
In vitro model	Rat patellar tendon tenocyte	Untrained patellar tendon tenocyte Trained patellar tendon tenocyte	10 week on a treadmill (~65–70% VO2max)	Caged without exercise for 4 weeks	Transmission- electronic- microscopy, C-terminal- propeptide of type I collagen, collagen III, fibronectin, aggrecan, tenascin-c, interleukin-1β, matrix- metalloproteinase-1 and-3	Altered tenocyte synthetic and metabolic activity	Salamanna et al. (2015)
In vivo model	Chicken gastrocnemius tendon	No control group	3 week on a treadmill (speed of 0.22 m/s, for 5 min)	Controls or immobilized for 2 weeks	Tendon midregion cross-sectional area and biomechanical properties	Gastrocnemius tendon responds to mechanical disuse as predicted by the mechanobiology process	Foutz et al. (2007)
In vivo model	Rat patellar tendon	Untrained patellar tendon Trained patellar tendon	10 week on a treadmill (~60% VO2max)	Caged without exercise for 4 weeks	Collagen fiber organization and proteoglycan content	Low proteoglycan content and collagen fiber organization	Frizziero et al. (2011)
In vivo model	Rat patellar tendon	Untrained patellar tendon Trained patellar tendon	10 week on a treadmill (~65–70% VO2max)	Caged without exercise for 4 weeks	Structure and morphology (modified Movin score, tear density, collagen type I and III)	Altered structure and morphology with the highest Movin score values, the highest percentage of collagen III and the lowest of collagen I	Frizziero et al. (2015)