Table 3. The Indicators and the Statistics of Selecting the Clusters Indicating the Physicians Who Were Suspect of Perpetrating Abuse or Fraud .

Indicator	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Abuse detection	Cluster 1 – 46% (75 physicians)		Cluster 2 – 54% (89 physicians)a
Percentage of the patients that they were visited more than once in a month	16.20	5.46	21.72	11.20
The average of the prescript drug items in a claim	3.54	0.57	4.66	0.57
The average cost of a drug prescription claimb	23827	5398	29668	5662
The ratio of the 5 expensive antibiotic prescription to all physician claims	0.25	0.11	0.39	0.17
The ratio of injection prescription to all physician claim	0.81	0.30	1.53	0.42
The ratio of total injection prescription to all physician claim	1.55	0.74	2.92	0.83
The ratio of total prescript antibiotic to all physician claims	0.68	0.18	1.06	0.19
The ratio of injected antibiotic to physician claim	0.19	0.11	0.44	0.15
The ratio of injected corticosteroid prescription to all physician claim	0.26	0.13	0.48	0.19
Fraud detection	Cluster 1 – 98% (160 physicians)		Cluster 2 – 2% (4 physicians)a
Percentage of reduplicative patients	30.05	10.58	41.87	15.23
Percentage of reduplicative patients-pharmacy	22.92	10.43	37.49	18.28
Percentage of reduplicative patients-pharmacy in a month	5.70	3.19	10.09	4.88
The average cost of a drug prescription claimb	26656	5902	40613	4756
The ratio of claims referred to a high-cost pharmacy	0.08	0.24	4.16	1.16

^a Cluster 2 indicates the suspect group.

^b This indicator has been used in the detection of fraud and abuse.